A real-time PCR targeted to the upstream regions of HlyB for specific detection of Edwardsiella tarda

Edwardsiella tarda has become one of the most important emerging pathogens in aquaculture industry.Therefore,a rapid,reproducible,and sensitive method for detection and quantification of this pathogen is needed urgently.To achieve this purpose,we developed a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of E.tarda.The assay targets the hemolysin activator HlyB domain protein of E.tarda.Our optimized TaqMan assay is capable of detecting as little as 40 fg of genomic DNA per reaction.A standard curve was generated from the threshold cycle values(y) against log10(E.tarda genomic DNA concentration) as x.The intra-and inter-assay coefficient of variation(CV) values were less than 2.06% and 1.05% respectively,indicating that the assay had good reproducibility.This method is highly specific to E.tarda strains,as it shows no cross-reactivity to Edwardsiella ictaluri,a member of the same genus,or to nine other fish-pathogenic bacteria species belonging to three other genera.This sensitive and specific real-time PCR assay provides a valuable tool for diagnostic quantitation of E.tarda in clinical samples.     

IGS Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring Pilot Project (TIGA): scientific benefits

The establishment of a long-term stable global reference frame is important for studying sea level records for, e.g., climate-related studies. GPS stations connected to the tide gauge benchmarks provide the necessary technique. However, the analysis of existing GPS solutions showed inconsistencies within the time series especially for the height component. To solve related issues, in 2001 the IGS Tide Gauge Benchmark Monitoring Pilot Project was established. The aim is the processing and re-processing of GPS data of stations at or near tide gauges in order to provide homogeneous and high-quality estimates of the vertical motion. A second objective is the establishment, maintenance and expansion of existing network of GPS stations at tide gauges. During the recent years six different analysis centers have processed overlapping GPS at tide gauge networks and are providing individual solutions allowing now to provide a combined solution. The ansatz for the combination is explained and quality measures are given. In addition, on the basis of the reconstruction of sea level anomalies, the benefit of using the combined TIGA solution is demonstrated.     

Evaluating the long-term ecohydrological suitability of restoration efforts in a typical watershed of the Loess Plateau

The vegetation growth of the Loess Plateau is often restricted by water, which seriously threatens the water sustainability of regional ecosystem. In order to clarify the relationship between supply and demand of vegetation water use after Grain for Green Project, this study selected Malian River Basin as the research area and calculated the vegetation water use and water demand using the eco-hydrological model. The results showed that the annual water demand of the basin was 570 mm, while the average annual water supply was only 294 mm, accounting only for 52.0% of the demand. From 2000 to 2018, the temporal and spatial matching degree of water supply and demand in the Malian River Basin were 0.63 and 0.65, respectively. On the whole, the water resources in Malian River Basin can basically support the growth of vegetation, but in some areas are not sustainable. Water resources in the southern region can only barely maintain the normal growth of vegetation under the current conditions, so it is not recommended to carry out new plantation in this area. The evaluation of matching degree in the northern from January to April is poor, so it is necessary to appropriately reduce the planting area of economic crops and replace it with planting herbaceous plants with small water consumption in Spring. Compared with the current conditions, under the future climate scenarios of ssp126 and ssp585, the Malian River Basin will show a trend of warming and humidification. The temporal matching degree of water supply and demand also significantly improved to 0.83 and 0.92, indicating that even if the planting structure did not change significantly, water supply would gradually meet the needs of vegetation. The study results can provide the basis for formulating more scientific and reasonable vegetation restoration policies.     

济阳坳陷东部长堤走滑断裂带构造特征及演化过程

济阳坳陷东部长堤断裂是一条特征明显的走滑断裂带,以T2地震反射层（沙河街组二段底面反射层）为界,发育深层次和浅层次两套断裂系统。深层次断裂系统为长堤走滑断裂带的主体,发育R-P断层组合,剖面上呈丝带状构造样式,平面上呈发辫状构造样式;浅层次断裂系统由一组近南北向左阶羽状雁列带组成,雁列带中的每条断层为近南北向走滑断裂的T断层。Es3-Es2下期,长堤走滑断裂带开始活动,发育深层次断裂系统,系由济阳坳陷和渤中坳陷之间的构造调节作用所造成;Es上2-Ed期,发育浅层次断裂系统,与长堤深层次断裂持续活动以及沉积盖层的逐渐增厚有关,同时,郯庐断裂带开始对研究区的构造格局产生影响;Ng-Nm期,研究区处在巨大的北东向走滑递进应变带中,长堤近南北向走滑断裂带让位于郯庐断裂带控制的北东向走滑体系。     

ETWatch的模型与方法

流域水量平衡分析是水资源现状评价与水资源合理调度研究工作中的一个核心。本文基于遥感技术估算的蒸散,结合监测统计数据,提出了流域耗水平衡方法,以海河流域为例进行了2002-2007年流域及子流域的耗水平衡分析,流域多年平均蓄变量为-62.3亿方,其中农业生产是流域水资源消耗的主要大户,占耗水总量的54.3%,年际变动范围较小（-5%~8%）。通过流域蓄变量变化和流域蒸散结构的分析,揭示海河流域存在的水资源问题,为流域水资源管理和节水型社会建设提出建议。     

尖晶石的矿物学特性及其在工业上的应用

尖晶石族矿物广泛地分布于自然界，它们是许多变质岩和岩浆岩的主要矿物成分。工业上应用较多的主要是镁铝尖晶和镁铬尖晶石。镁铝尖晶石耐火材料是目前冶金用耐火材料的重点发展方向之一，对这种材料的理论及应用研究也成为耐火材料研究的热点。尖晶石的其它应用，如尖晶石轴承及颜料等也取得了较大的发展。笔者根据尖晶石的矿物学特性，对尖晶石的生成以及工业生产的基本原理、基本工艺和基本过程操作一系统的概述，并对尖晶石原料     

流域遥感:内涵与挑战

遥感在流域综合管理与流域科学研究中得到广泛应用并发挥着不可替代的作用。重点阐述了流域遥感的内涵、进展与面临的挑战，系统总结了相关的流域遥感数据产品。流域遥感研究流域下垫面、水循环、水资源、水灾害、流域生态的遥感解析能力并提供相关的遥感数据产品。流域遥感数据产品正逐步成为不断更新的公共产品和服务，满足了流域管理监测信息及时性、完整性、连续性和高精度的要求。流域遥感与云计算的结合，可降低流域遥感数据产品生成的技术瓶颈；与云服务结合，可降低流域遥感数据产品的应用难度和成本，将是流域遥感走向实用的主流方向，从而为流域综合管理提供全方位的信息支撑。     

Predictive uncertainty of peak outflow relations for landslides dam breach

Risk assessment development considering the failure of landslide dams often requires the estimation of peak outflow through the breach. The empirical equations based on data from case studies tend to be the first direct approach. This paper conducted an uncertainty analysis when these empirical relations were utilized to predict the peak outflow of a breached landslide dam. The results suggest that the relations derived from manmade dams or embankments typically overestimate the peak outflow about 1/5 to 3/4 of an order of magnitude; and the relations derived from the database of landslide dams have much smaller mean prediction errors and also exhibit broad uncertainty bands. Application of the uncertainly analysis was illustrated by the Tangjiashan landslide dammed lake, formed during 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In addition, the predicted results from Eq. 1 deduced herein were considered to be the reliable estimate of peak outflow through the breach of landslide dam.     

1961-2012年北疆干旱时空变化

基于北疆38个气象站1961-2012年逐日的气象数据和综合气象干旱指数,探究了北疆干旱的时空演变特征。结果表明：1961-2012年,北疆旱情有所缓解,但干旱仍然频发,且全域性干旱较多,其中夏旱和秋旱较多且覆盖范围较大。干旱频次和干旱覆盖范围呈减少趋势,干旱强度逐渐减弱。四季中,冬季干旱缓解最为明显,其次是春季和夏季,秋季干旱略有缓解。空间上,自东南和东部向西北,旱情逐渐减轻。干旱强度和干旱频次中南部减势最明显,干旱频发会有所改善;东部减势较弱,干旱频发将会持续;西北部减势最弱,旱情仍持续较轻。气候变化下,北疆降水量和潜在蒸散量分别与综合气象干旱指数存在显著的正相关和负相关,北疆降水量的增加趋势和潜在蒸散量的减少趋势对北疆干旱缓解有重要的作用。     

新疆南部地区风沙扩散风险评价及景观格局优化

基于"致灾因子一孕灾环境一承灾体"3个维度,利用空间主成分分析法(SPCA)开展新疆南部地区风沙扩散风险评价,然后借助最小累积阻力模型(MCR)优化关键景观格局组分,构建多层次生态网络.结果表明:①区域致灾因子危险性较高,孕灾环境较为脆弱;和静县、阿合奇县生态本底较好,而盆地及其南部各县易于风沙扩散,尤其是和田地区、且...