Improving a thermal conductivity model of unsaturated soils based on multivariate distribution analysis

Soil thermal conductivity (k) is a key parameter for the design of energy geo-structures, and it depends on many soil properties such as saturation degree, porosity, mineralogical composition, soil type and others. Capturing these diversified influencing factors in a soil thermal conductivity model is a challenging task for engineers due to the nonlinear dependencies. In this study, a multivariate distribution approach was utilized to improve an existing soil thermal conductivity model, Cote and Konrad model, by quantitatively considering the impacts of dry density (ρ_d), porosity (n), saturation degree (S_r), quartz content (m_q), sand content (m_s) and clay content (m_c) on thermal conductivity of unsaturated soils. A large database containing these seven soil parameters was compiled from the literature to support the multivariate analysis. Simplified bivariate and multivariate correlations for improving the Cote and Konrad model were derived analytically and numerically to consider different influencing factors. By incorporating these simplified correlations, the predicted k values were more concentrated around the measured values with the coefficient of determination (R²) increased from 0.83 to 0.95. It is concluded that the developed correlations with the information of different soil properties provide an efficient, rational and simple way to predict soil thermal conductivity more accurately. Moreover, the quartz content is a more important factor than the porosity that shall be considered in the establishment of thermal conductivity models for unsaturated soils with high quartz content.

     

Analysis of hydrogeolgical characteristics and water environmental impact pathway of typical shale gas exploration and development zones in Sichuan Basin,China

Studying the influence of shale gas exploration and development on groundwater environment is the basis of guiding water environment protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development.Groundwater environmental pollution is concealed,complex and persistent.Once it is difficult to control the pollution,the current commercial shale gas development zones in Sichuan Basin that are mostly located in karst areas and highly sensitive to groundwater will be vulnerable to the impact of shale gas exploration and development.Based on the hydrogeological conditions of shale gas exploration and development area and combined with engineering analysis of exploration and development,various risk pathways that may affect the groundwater environment during process of shale gas exploration,mining well construction,mining operations and other stages were identified in this paper.Some existing risk pathways were proved by verification of typical areas and should not be ignored.Based on the actual situation of typical areas,the countermeasures of groundwater environmental protection in the process of shale gas exploration and development in karst areas were discussed.It is believed that the groundwater environment can be better protected by strengthening administration,research and application of new technologies,precise design,hydrogeological conditions,and research and feedback of groundwater environmental protection.     

贵州广顺二叠系化学地层的划分及沉积环境分析

本文以贵州省广顺二叠纪坝子头－茶叶剖面作了基准剖面，通过野外观察和室内岩相分析，根据岩石的成岩作用，颜色，微相特征及岩层的厚度和叠置关系，进行了层序的划分。在此基础上，以该剖面５９个岩层的１７个微量元素（Ａｓ，Ｂ，Ｂａ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ和Ｚｒ）为变量，用因子分析和群分析进行了化学地层单元的划分，通过化学地层和层序地层划分结果的对比，结合化学     

Tropical Storm and Hurricane wind effects on water level, salinity, and sediment transport in the river-influenced Atchafalaya-Vermilion Bay System, Louisiana, USA

Changes in circulation, water level, salinity, suspended sediments, and sediment flux resulted from Tropical Storm Frances and Hurricane Georges in the Vermilion-Atchafalaya Bay region during September 1998. Tropical Storm Frances made landfall near Port Aransas, Texas, 400 km west of the study area, and yet the strong and long-lived southeasterly winds resulted in the highest water levels and salinity values of the year at one station in West Cote Blanche Bay. Water levels were abnormally high across this coastal bay system, although salinity impacts varied spatially. Over 24 h, salinity increased from 5 to 20 psu at Site 1 on the east side of West Cote Blanche Bay. Abnormally high salinities were recorded in Atchafalaya Bay but not at stations in Vermilion Bay. On September 28, 1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi, 240 km east of the study area. On the west side of the storm, wind stress was from the north and maximum winds locally reached 14 m s⁻¹. The wind forcing and physical responses of the bay system were analogous to those experienced during a winter cold-front passage. During the strong, north wind stress period, coastal water levels fell, salinity decreased, and sediment-laden bay water was transported onto the inner shelf. As the north wind stress subsided, a pulse of relatively saline water entered Vermilion Bay through Southwest Pass increasing salinity from 5 to 20 psu over a 24-h period. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-14 reflectance imagery revealed the regional impacts of wind-wave resuspension and the bay-shelf exchange of waters. During both storm events, suspended solid concentrations increased by an order of magnitude from 75 to over 750 mg l⁻¹. The measurements demonstrated that even remote storm systems can have marked impacts on the physical processes that affect ecological processes in shallow coastal bay systems.     

Isotopic Stratification and Its Implications in Groundwater of Northern China

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭａｎｙｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｇｌｏｂａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｈｙｄｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｙｃｌｅｏｆａｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌｓｃａｌｅｃａｎｂｅｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｃｌｉｍａｔｉｃｃｈａｎｇｅｓ(Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎｅｔａｌ.,2 0 0 1;ＫａｒｅｎａｎｄＤａｒａ,2 0 0 1;ＭｉｃｈａｅｌａｎｄＭｉｃｈａｅｌ,1999;Ｈｕｇｏｅｔａｌ.,1996 ;Ｌａｒｒｙｅｔａｌ.,1996 ) .Ｃｕｒ ｒｅｎｔｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｏｆｄｅｕｔｅｒｉｕｍａｎｄｏｘｙｇｅｎ 18ｃｏｎｃｅｎ …     

湖泊数据库数据结构详析

湖泊数据库为湖泊科学定量化研究、宏观决策分析提供了丰富的基础数据。对于如何提取数据库信息，为应用目的服务，必须了解湖泊数据库数据结构。本文概略地描述了湖泊数据信息种类，分析了湖泊空间信息和非空间信息的数据结构，尤其对关系数据库数据文件作了详细剖析，给出了调用数据文件的Ｃ语言源程序。     

双向差分模型在中强震长趋势预测中的应用

应用双向差分分析方法对青海地区5级以上地震、中国大陆西部、南北带及全国范围内发生的7级以上地震发生次数进行了计算，得到了该模型的理论预测结果；该方法对5．0级以上中强震的长趋势判定有一定的作用。     

地图扫描矢量化问题分析

本文指出了地图扫描矢量化在全过程中所存在的若干问题，分析了问题的原因，并就部分问题提出了解决思路。为避免和减少误差，提高矢量化产品质量有一定实际意义。     

海洋沉积物热释光--潜在的天然气水合物找矿方法

概述了热释光的形成机理。从放射性方法探测油气藏的原理出发 ,提出了海洋沉积物热释光探测天然气水合物的可能性。对采自中国南海、东海的海底沉积物进行了有机烃、金属元素和热释光分析。结果表明 ,热释光与有机烃类呈正相关 ,天然气水合物形成和分解产生的碳酸钙、硫酸钙及硫酸钡沉淀是很好的热释光晶体 ,在矿物结晶过程中加入的微量金属元素对热释光起到调节作用。热释光不受有机污染的影响 ,灵敏度高 ,是很有前景的寻找天然气水合物的方法