Mineralogical study of spinel-lherzolite inclusions from basalts in southern and eastern China

Ten spinel-lherzolite inclusions and one olivine-websterite inclusion, which were collected from Fujian, Jiangsu, Hebei and Yunnan Provinces, consist of olivine (FΦ_87.7–91.2), enstatite (En_87.3–89.7), Cr-diopside and spinel. According to the Mg/(Mg+Fe²⁺) ratios in the rocks and their mineralogies, they are designated to the Cr-diopside type. The websterite is composed of bronzite (En_71.9) and augite, while the gabbro-norite consists of hypersthene (En_68.9) and augite, belonging to the Al-augite type. The geothermos of spinel-lherzolites were calculated with four geothermometric methods, giving a temperature range of 925°–1,072°C. However, according to P. R. A. Wells' method, temperatures range from 845δ to 1,014°C, and by D. H. Lindsly's approach, from 716°–974°C. Pressures range from 15.1 to 19.8 kb. Genetically, Spinel-lherzolites and olivine-websterite are thought to have been derived from residual mantle material by partial melting at approximately 1,000°C and at a depth of about 50–70 km. Websterite and gabbro-norite may be products of the crystallization-differentiation of alkali basaltic magma.     

坡折带控制下的砂质碎屑流对油气勘探的意义——以四川盆地上三叠统须家河组为例

坡折带近年来日益受到重视,它明显控制了上覆地层分布、岩性岩相变化和油气藏的分布。通过层序地层法恢复古地貌,在川中-川西过渡带识别大型地貌坡折带,川西地区晚三叠世接受其西部和东部两个方向的物源供给。在大量岩心观察、地震资料和测井资料研究基础上,认为在坡折带控制下,龙泉山断裂带以西须二、须四段发育砂质碎屑流重力流沉积,分析其基本特征和储集性能,最后指出砂质碎屑流储层物性总体优于川西地区南部其它类型砂体,是新型的勘探对象,具有一定的勘探潜力。     

欠平衡钻井随钻储层评价技术方法与应用

欠平衡钻井随钻储层评价技术是在欠平衡条件下采用地面监测设备,根据地层渗流及井筒多相流耦合模型分析来获取储层参数的一项新技术.分析了随钻过程储层渗流边界特点,建立和求解该技术的渗流数学模型.通过现场实例数据分析表明,理论评价结果与实测结果一致,验证了该技术的正确性与可行性.     

吉林省和龙市和安河金矿床地质特征及找矿方向

和安河金矿床是我队在吉林省东部金矿化集中区发现的金矿之一。通过地表工程的深部稀疏钻孔控制,确定为一小型金矿床。普查结果表明,矿化系统有一定延深。本文分析了金矿床地质特征及矿床成因,认为构造、岩浆活动在成矿过程中起着重要作用。和安河金矿勘查对在吉林省东部寻找金矿具有着指导意义,明确了本区找矿方向。     

Real-Time Observation on Water-Soluble Ions of PM_(2.5)in Beijing under the Influences of Different Air Masses in Summer

To further understand the variations of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 in Beijing,the authors observed their concentrations continuously and in high temporal resolution by the system for rapid collection of fine particles and ion chromatography(RCFP-IC) during 12–18 July 2010.These results combined with those of earlier backward trajectory research are used analyzed to determine the causes of concentration changes in water-soluble ions under the influences of two kinds of air masses in summer.The results indicate that concentrations of NO3-,SO42-,and NH4+ were influenced strongly by the continental air mass than by the marine air mass.Cl- and Na+ were not changed significantly.Because the sources of K+,Mg2+,and Ca2+ are mainly concentrated on land,their concentration levels were slightly higher under the control of continental air mass than that of the marine air mass.Variations of NO2- during the observation differed from those of other ions;its concentration was significantly higher under the influence of marine air mass.Moreover,the authors obtain the diurnal variations of eight water-soluble inorganic ions including NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,Cl-,NO2-,NO3-,and SO42-.Diurnal variations of NH4+,NO3-,and Cl- showed single peak,which appeared before noon,while SO42- showed two peaks that appeared during rush hours.Those of Mg2+,Ca2+,and K+ showed single peak that appeared in the afternoon.That of NO2- showed with a peak appearing at sunrise and a valley appearing at sunset.     

月尺度降水的客观预测方法研究

从短期气候预测业务的实际出发,提出了一个以单站作为预报量的客观预测模型,分析了利用该模型制作预测产品的目的、实现途径以及流程设计。在气候预测业务中,利用该模型制作气候预测产品,能在实际业务中实现动态优化,方便地更换因子,降低业务工作强度。通过实例,详细说明了利用该模型制作月尺度降水产品的全过程,其中包括标准化预测模型数据文件的结构,动态建模过程及在动态建模过程中输出的各项参数的含义,把动态建模过程中的输出参数用于改进模拟质量,以及如何把试报结果分站Ps评分用于业务决策等。针对月动力延伸预报产品样本较少的情况,文中还进行了交叉预报试验。该模型作为气候预测业务工具,具有使用简单、预测质量稳定的特点。     

皖北典型区高氟深层地下水的分布及影响因素

选取皖北典型区深层地下水的氟作为研究对象,在资料收集、水文地质调查、采样测试的基础上,获取了81个深层地下水及71个浅层地下水样品的测试数据。综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、离子比例系数和Piper图示法,分析深层水氟的分布特征、来源及形成影响因素,结果表明:皖北典型区的深层地下水氟含量具有四周低、中部高的特点;高氟水多呈弱碱性,依据水化学类型特征可将该研究区划分为三个系统:亳州系统、阜阳系统和蒙城系统。亳州系统多为Cl—Na型水,阜阳系统多为HCO3—Na型水,蒙城系统较复杂,包括Cl—Na型、HCO3·SO4·Cl—Na型、HCO3—Ca·Mg型及HCO3—Na·Mg·Ca型水;深层地下水中氟的主要来源是含氟矿物的溶解;弱碱性水、溶解/沉淀作用和阳离子交替吸附作用是影响皖北典型区深层地下水氟形成的主要影响因素。     

基于HASM-SSOR模型的近60年来中国气温与降水变化趋势模拟

为了改善HASM模型计算速度慢及存储量大等问题,提出了一种快速有效算法(HASM-SSOR),并以高斯合成曲面为例验证了该方法的有效性。利用全国752站1951—2010年的气象观测资料,对近60年的平均气温、降水分别采用多元回归与HASM-SSOR相结合的方法及多项式回归与HASM-SSOR相结合的方法进行模拟与分析;近60年平均气温、降水拟合的复相关系数分别为0.9923、0.9987;并对1951-2010年各年代际的平均气温、降水的变化趋势进行拟合与分析,发现各年代际气温变化并不一致,全国平均气温呈上升趋势,平均上升率为0.35℃/10a,全国降水平均变化率为9.4mm/10a,无明显的变化趋势。     

辽东半岛大金山花岗岩体SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、元素地球化学和Hf同位素特征及地质意义

辽东半岛早白垩世时期受到强烈的构造—岩浆作用使岩石圈构造环境由挤压造山向伸展减薄转变,前人对其成因有所争议。本文通过锆石SHRIMP U- Pb测年、原位Lu- Hf同位素和主量、微量、稀土元素测试对辽东半岛大金山花岗岩体进行了系统研究,结果显示：大金山花岗岩体结晶年龄为~ 124Ma,侵位于早白垩世岩浆活动的高峰期。岩石地球化学特征显示大金山花岗岩属弱过铝质~过铝质岩石,经历了高程度的结晶分异过程,富集Rb、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损P、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）,中等Eu负异常,为I型花岗岩。TW003样品εHf(t)值为-25.8~ -14.2,tDM2为2093~2805Ma,岩浆物质来源于新太古代—古元古代下地壳火成岩的部分熔融。根据年代学和岩石地球化学研究认为大金山花岗岩是古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆板块俯冲所形成的活动大陆边缘弧花岗岩,辽东半岛早白垩世的伸展环境是受板块俯冲造山后伸展作用和下地壳拆沉作用的联合制约。     

吉林夹皮沟金矿带黄铁矿热电性及热爆裂特征

通过对夹皮沟金矿带主要载金矿物黄铁矿的热电性和热爆裂特征分析,确定了主成矿世代及各世代矿化类型,预测了深部探矿的可能性。黄铁矿以电子型(N型)为主,极少有空穴型(P型),N型热电系数分布于-347.3～-6.2 μV·℃-1,P型热电系数介于17.4～193.5 μV·℃-1, 成矿温度集中于258.8～319.2 ℃, 剥蚀率为50.260%～50.485%。爆裂曲线反映中低温(＜280 ℃)矿化没有高温(＞290 ℃)矿化好。综合分析认为,夹皮沟金矿带矿化分早期高温世代(热电系数峰值为-120 μV·℃-1,成矿温度峰值为320 ℃)和晚期中低温世代(热电系数值峰值为-210 μV·℃-1,成矿温度峰值为270 ℃)。前者包括石英脉型与蚀变岩型,在矿体走向与夹皮沟主断裂一致及相交的矿区中均有发育;后者属石英脉型,主要在矿体走向与夹皮沟主断裂相交的矿区发育,叠加于高温世代热液矿化之上。高温热液矿化世代是主成矿世代,但有叠加的部位矿化增强。