阿尔泰东南缘泥盆纪花岗质岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄、成因演化及构造意义：钙碱性-高钾钙碱性-碱性岩浆演化新证据

中国阿尔泰广泛发育的花岗质岩石已获得大量研究,但是其东南缘研究薄弱,制约了对整个阿尔泰造山带构造岩浆演化的认识。本文新获得阿尔泰东南缘四个花岗质岩体(昆格依特、库吉尔特、布铁乌及卡拉特玉别)锆石U-Pb年龄,分别为382±4Ma、381±4Ma、385±5Ma和363±6Ma。岩石学、地球化学特征等显示这些花岗质岩石具有高钾钙碱性、准铝质—弱过铝质的I型特点,全岩εNd(t)值为-2.42~-0.53,Nd模式年龄tDM为1.6~1.3Ga;锆石εHf(t)值为-3.44~+13.26,绝大多数为正值,锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄tDM-2为2.5~0.6Ga,表明源区物质组成复杂,有较多的新生幔源物质参与花岗质岩石的形成,并含有古老地壳成分。综合已有年龄分析显示,中国阿尔泰花岗质岩石的形成时代可分为480~440Ma(峰期460Ma)、420~390Ma(峰期400Ma)、390~370Ma(峰期380Ma)、370~360Ma(峰期365Ma)、360~350Ma。处于岩浆发育峰期的早泥盆世(420~390Ma)多为准铝-过铝质的钙碱性系列;中晚泥盆世(390~360Ma)多为准铝—弱过铝质的高钾钙碱性系列;370~360Ma为高钾钙碱性系列。该地区363Ma的高钾钙碱性花岗质岩石的确定,为进一步厘定整个阿尔泰泥盆纪花岗质岩浆由钙碱性(480~390Ma),到高钾钙碱性(390~360Ma),再到354Ma的布尔根碱性花岗岩的演变特点提供了新的证据,进一步揭示阿尔泰造山带该时期由俯冲增生演变到碰撞及后碰撞的演化过程。     

羌塘沱沱河地区多才玛二长岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学

对青海省羌塘地块东北缘沱沱河多才玛铅锌矿区二长岩进行了系统的锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学研究。结果表明二长岩属于钙碱性-高钾钙碱性,准铝质岩石,具有较高的Na_2O和较低的K_2O、MgO。样品的高Rb/Sr比值(0.21~0.47)、低Nb/Ta比值(13.25~14.02)和低Mg#值等特征显示二长岩岩浆来源于地壳。样品富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、大离子亲石元素(LILE)(Rb,Ba,K,Sr),以及活泼的不相容元素(Th、U),同时亏损高场强元素(HFSE)(Nb、Ta、P、Ti),与弧火山岩特征相似。二长岩的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果为(65.8±1.1)Ma,显示其形成于晚白垩世—早古新世。结合区域地质背景,推测多才玛二长岩形成于特提斯大洋板块的后期深俯冲阶段。     

Application of bioremediation in oil contaminated soil

The long-term oil exploitation in oil fields has led to pollution of surrounding soil, creating a serious ecological problem. In order to promote and improve the application of microbial remediation in oil contaminated soil, experiment is carried out in polluted area in Zhongyuan Oilfield. In the experiment, indigenous microorganisms and other physical and chemical methods are employed, ryegrass is grown, and environmental factors in soil are regulated to degrade the oil and treat the polluted soil. Results show that when the average oil content in the soil is about 523.08 mg/kg, 65 days’ remediation through plants and microorganisms could help bring the oil content down to 74.61 mg/kg, achieving a degradation rate of 85.74%; through salinity treatment, salt content in soil is reduced by 62.93-82.03% to 399-823 mg/kg from previous 2.22 g/kg. Through this experiment, the bioremediation method is improved and its effectiveness and feasibility are testified. The result has been applied in Zhongyuan Oilfield and has brought fair ecological and economic benefits, providing technical support to the treatment of contaminated soil of the same kind, and offering some insights to the treatment of soil contaminated by other organic pollutants.     

桑沟湾磷循环

The phosphorus cycle is studied during 2013–2014 in the Sanggou Bay(SGB), which is a typical aquaculture area in northern China. The forms of measured phosphorus include dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP), particulate inorganic phosphorus(PIP), and particulate organic phosphorus(POP).DIP and PIP are the major forms of total dissolved phosphorus(TDP) and total particulate phosphorus(TPP),representing 51%–75% and 53%–80%, respectively. The concentrations and distributions of phosphorus forms vary among seasons relative to aquaculture cycles, fluvial input, and hydrodynamic conditions. In autumn the concentration of DIP is significantly higher than in other seasons(P0.01), and higher concentrations are found in the west of the bay. In winter and spring the phosphorus concentrations are higher in the east of the bay than in the west. In summer, the distributions of phosphorus forms are uniform. A preliminary phosphorus budget is developed, and shows that SGB is a net sink of phosphorus. A total of 1.80×10~7 mol/a phosphorus is transported into the bay. The Yellow Sea is the major source of net input of phosphorus(61%), followed by submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)(27%), river input(11%), and atmospheric deposition(1%). The main phosphorus sink is the harvest of seaweeds(Saccharina japonica and Gracilaria lemaneiformis), bivalves(Chlamys farreri),and oysters(Crassostrea gigas), accounting for a total of 1.12×10~7 mol/a. Burial of phosphorus in sediment is another important sink, accounting for 7.00×10~6 mol/a. Biodeposition by bivalves is the major source of phosphorus in sediment, accounting for 54% of the total.     

创新要素对广东省海洋经济发展的驱动研究

广东省作为海洋经济大省,第二产业、第三产业占海洋经济生产总值比重较大,雄厚的产业基础为其提升创新能力及发展海洋新兴产业提供有利条件。创新要素作为新兴产业发展的重要驱动,是"十三五"期间重点发展理念,也是新常态下海洋产业结构优化升级的重要变量。文章通过分析研究广东省创新要素发展现状的基础上,利用Eviews8.0软件对广东省海洋经济生产总值与创新要素之间的关系进行回归分析,进一步揭示创新要素对广东省海洋经济发展的驱动程度,并结合研究结果提出相应建议。     

海洋环境治理中政府、企业与公众定位分析

中国海洋环境管理实践正经历着从"管理"到"治理"的变革,为海洋环境的可持续发展提供有益思路。文章从界定海洋环境治理相关概念入手,系统梳理海洋环境治理过程中政府、企业、公众三者角色定位的研究成果;从海洋环境治理的概念和理论支撑、企业与公众的参与互动和研究方法多样化3个方面进行了扩展研究,对海洋环境治理相关实践具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。     

海洋站“一站多能”建设的浅析与思考

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视生态文明建设,将其纳入“五位一体”的总体布局中,把生态文明建设上升到国家意志。国家海洋局顺应时代潮流,运用战略思维,对全国海洋管理工作做出长远规划,海洋站“一站多能”作为管理工作的技术支撑作用愈显重要。文章介绍了海洋站“一站多能”提出的背景及内涵,并运用马克思主义哲学方法论,分析了“一站多能”建设过程中存在的主要问题及产生的原因,进而有针对性地提出了相应的对策建议,为“一站多能”建设工作提供参考。     

Probabilistic Durability Assessment of Concrete Structures in Marine Environments: Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis

A probabilistic framework for durability assessment of concrete structures in marine environments was proposed in terms of reliability and sensitivity analysis, which takes into account the uncertainties under the environmental, material, structural and executional conditions. A time-dependent probabilistic model of chloride ingress was established first to consider the variations in various governing parameters, such as the chloride concentration, chloride diffusion coefficient, and age factor. Then the Nataf transformation was adopted to transform the non-normal random variables from the original physical space into the independent standard Normal space. After that the durability limit state function and its gradient vector with respect to the original physical parameters were derived analytically, based on which the first-order reliability method was adopted to analyze the time-dependent reliability and parametric sensitivity of concrete structures in marine environments. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified by comparing with the second-order reliability method and the Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the influences of environmental conditions, material properties, structural parameters and execution conditions on the time-dependent reliability of concrete structures in marine environments were also investigated. The proposed probabilistic framework can be implemented in the decision-making algorithm for the maintenance and repair of deteriorating concrete structures in marine environments.     

波浪与结构物作用分析的一种高阶边界元方法--自由项和柯西主值积分的直接数值计算

采用直接数值计算方法计算了势流问题高阶边界元方法中的自由项系数和柯西主值积分,建立了波浪与结构物作用的一种高阶边界元方法.通过算例研究了物体表面上固角系数的计算精度和不同网格剖分、不同阶高斯积分点对柯西主值积分的影响.对截断圆柱上的波浪作用力与解析解做了对比,发现本方法具有很高的计算精度,随网格的加密迅速收敛于解析解.     

贵州遵义早寒武黑色岩系底部Se的超常富集

对遵义松林下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系部分样品的对比分析表明,应用不同光度法测定的硒和应用ICP-MS分析的硒之间存在良好的相关性,表明应用ICP-MS可以快速批量分析黑色岩系样品中的硒,提出用于推导硒含量的经验公式。利用该经验公式对遵义松林牛蹄塘组黑色岩系底部钾质斑脱岩段和中部镍钼金属层段的硒进行了计算,表明在这两个岩性段存在硒的超常富集,局部都达到了工业品位。钾质斑脱岩中硒与铜具有良好的相关性,表明硒可能存在于含铜硫化物中;在镍钼层中硒与镍、铜具有较好的相关性,表明硒主要存在于镍和铜的硫化物中。根据硒的亲硫性,进一步揭示了遵义钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆可能为含黝方石和（或）钙霞石的粗安岩、粗面岩、响岩;在镍钼富集层中铜镍、铜硒及镍硒之间都具有良好的相关性,表明镍、铜、硒富集的原始物源与超基性岩浆铜镍硫化物的分离富集有关;根据钾质斑脱岩层与多金属富集层的空间相关性及微量元素组合特征．认为在遵义松林地区早寒武世时期深部存在碱性-超基性岩浆活动。