初始几何缺陷对管道极限承载力影响研究

初始几何缺陷被认为是影响管道极限承载力和稳定性的重要因素,但是大部分的管道力学特性研究都没有考虑初始缺陷的影响。基于管道几何尺寸测量机,获得管道的壁厚和直径沿轴向以及环向的分布规律。据此建立了四个三维实体有限元模型,分别为完好管道模型、只考虑直径缺陷的管道模型、只考虑壁厚缺陷的管道模型以及考虑所有缺陷的管道模型。分析了初始缺陷对管道的极限内压承载力、极限轴力承载力和极限弯矩承载力的影响。结果表明,直径缺陷对管道的极限内压承载力影响较大;壁厚缺陷对管道在复杂荷载作用下的极限弯矩承载力影响较大。     

Managing coastal area resources by stated choice experiments

In many coastal regions, oil spills can be considered as one of the most important and certainly the most noticeable forms of marine pollution. Efficient contingency management responding to oil spills on waters, which aims at minimizing pollution effects on coastal resources, turns out to be critically important. Such a decision making highly depends on the importance attributed to different coastal economic and ecological resources. Economic uses can, in principal, be addressed by standard measures such as value added. However, there is a missing of market in the real world for natural goods. Coastal resources such as waters and beach cannot be directly measured in money terms, which increases the risk of being neglected in a decision making process. This paper evaluates these natural goods of coastal environment in a hypothetical market by employing stated choice experiments. Oil spill management practice in German North Sea is used as an example. Results from a pilot survey show that during a combat process, beach and eider ducks are of key concerns for households. An environmental friendly combat option has to be a minor cost for households. Moreover, households with less children, higher monthly income and a membership of environmental organization are more likely to state that they are willing to pay for combat option to prevent coastal resources from an oil pollution. Despite that choice experiments require knowledge of designing questionnaire and statistical skills to deal with discrete choices and conducting a survey is time consumed, the results have important implications for oil spill contingency management. Overall, such a stated preference method can offer useful information for decision makers to consider coastal resources into a decision making process and can further contribute to finding a cost-effective oil preventive measure, also has a wide application potential in the field of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM).     

深海平台立柱周围波浪非线性爬升研究进展

随着深海油气田的不断开发,各种适应深海环境的浮式平台陆续涌现。多数深海平台通过立柱支撑上层甲板,波浪沿柱体表面的爬升效应极为明显,大大增加了强非线性砰击和越浪的危险,甚至将导致平台局部结构以及相关设备的破坏。因此,波浪爬升效应在平台设计及结构安全性方面具有重要的意义,并成为平台水动力研究的热点问题之一,是平台气隙预报的一个重要方面。介绍波浪爬升效应在平台设计阶段的重要性,分析波浪爬升的成因和影响因素,就目前国际上相关研究情况及进展进行了详细的阐述,并提出了这一课题未来研究方向的有关建议。     

天津建设北方国际航运中心政策评价——基于PMC指数模型

文章以北方国际航运中心相关政策为研究对象,从其作用机理出发,通过Python脚本实现高频词提取,构建了适用于北方国际航运中心政策的PMC评价指标体系,对其中6项具有代表性的专项政策进行实证分析。结果表明,天津市委出台的政策的PMC指数略高于国务院出台政策;政策作用对象与政策内容间存在正相关性;虽然目前北方国际航运中心政策均处于良好级别且随时间推移得分呈现上升趋势,但仍存在港城联动性不足、保障措施不足、政策作用的具体对象不完善等问题。基于以上问题,提出增强港城联动性、优化政策保障措施、细化政策应用对象等相应的政策建议,以期进一步完善国际航运中心政策内容。     

某核电厂附近海域生态环境特征及潜在致灾生物研究

为了了解某核电厂周边海域的生态环境状况,筛选潜在威胁核电厂冷源安全的致灾生物,分析影响致灾生物时空分布的主要环境因素,本研究于2018年进行了4个季节的生态调查。结果表明,研究海域浮游植物密度秋季最高,春季优势种为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrumdonghaiense),其他季节优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)等硅藻。浮游动物密度夏季最高,以桡足类为主,春、夏季优势种还包括球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachiaglobosa)和薮枝螅水母(Obeliasp.)。底栖动物的密度和生物量在秋季最高,优势种主要为豆形短眼蟹(Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides)、长吻沙蚕(Glycera chirori)和丝异须虫(Heteromastusfiliforms)。浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物群落均在夏季最为稳定,群落多样性水平和物种丰度较高,且分布较为均匀。浮游植物群落的细胞丰度与悬浮物和磷酸盐的浓度正相关性最高。浮游动物的密度受温度和盐度的影响较大。底栖动物的群落分布主要受悬浮物和无机营养盐的浓度影响。本研究共筛选出17种威胁该核电厂冷...     

贻贝粉酶解液提取复合氨基酸

报道了以脱脂后的贻贝粉为原料，采用酶解法从其酶解液中分离提取复合氨基酸的工艺。其收率为２０％，纯度约为９０％。其中必需氨基酸（不计色氨酸）约占复合氨基酸总量的５５％，其氨基酸模式与ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ组织确定的模式及人乳模式进行了对照，通过适量添加个别氨基酸可使其配比接近人乳模式。     

Failure Pressure Analysis of Corroded Moderate-to-High Strength Pipelines

Based on the elastic-plastic, large-deformation finite element method, burst capacity of steel pipeline with longitudinal corrosion defect subjected to internal pressure is studied. The appropriate stress-based criterion is used to predict the failure pressure of finite element model of corroded pipeline under internal pressure. By considering the pipe steel grades and geometries of corrosion defects, a series of finite element analyses is conducted. The effects of corrosion depth, length and width on burst capacity are also discussed. A specific failure pressure solution for the assessment of corrosion defects in moderate-to-high strength pipeline is proposed on the base of numerical results. The failure pressures predicted by the proposed method are in better agreement with the experimental results than the results by the other methods.     

腐蚀管道在内压和轴向压力影响下的弯曲破坏

运行在恶劣环境中的海底管道,往往受到内压、轴力和弯矩等复杂荷载的联合作用。腐蚀会导致管壁局部变薄,降低管道极限承载力。为保证管道安全高效运行,准确预测和分析复杂荷载作用下的塑性极限承载力和变形行为就显得尤为重要。考虑大应变和大变形、应力强化和材料非线性,运用数值仿真软件建立腐蚀缺陷管道的三维实体有限元模型,在全尺寸管道破坏试验验证的基础上,对腐蚀管道在内压、轴向压力和弯矩相互作用下的失效模式和极限弯矩承载力进行了相关研究,并进行了腐蚀缺陷几何参数的敏感性分析。研究结果表明:初始内压和初始轴向压力会显著降低腐蚀管道的极限弯矩承载力,并且影响最终的失效模式;在腐蚀缺陷几何尺寸参数中,腐蚀宽度比腐蚀深度和腐蚀长度的影响更大。     

湖底扇水道相控建模技术及应用

随着渤海勘探力度加强,大型湖底扇岩性圈闭逐渐成为新的勘探目标,但是湖底扇不同期次水道垂向相互叠合,部分水道下切,砂体展布以及砂体间的连通关系复杂。针对湖底扇储层具有非均质性强,储层刻画难度大的特点,以渤海垦利10-A构造为例,充分利用多种地震信息,高度综合地质、钻井、测井、地震等资料,将传统的“相控建模”思想引入湖底扇储层建模当中,提出了湖底扇储层相控建模新技术。该技术在对湖底扇沉积构型模式和富砂性深入研究的基础上,利用湖底扇储集相和三维甜点体属性进行双重控制和约束,在地质认识指导下,应用地质统计学理论和随机建模方法建立符合地质规律的三维岩相模型,在多次建模实现后求取砂岩概率体,完成对湖底扇水道的精细刻画,砂体连通性分析和储层预测。研究结果表明,该方法能有效地降低储层属性模拟的不确定性和多解性,提高储层预测的精度,为后期勘探布井奠定了基础。