Analysis of a Vortex Precipitation Event over Southwest China Using AIRS and In Situ Measurements

A strong precipitation event caused by the southwest vortex(SWV), which affected Sichuan Province and Chongqing municipality in Southwest China on 10–14 July 2012, is investigated. The SWV is examined using satellite observations from AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), in situ measurements from the SWV intensive observation campaign, and MICAPS(Marine Interactive Computer-Aided Provisioning System) data. Analysis of this precipitation process revealed that:(1)heavy rain occurred during the development phase, and cloud water content increased significantly after the dissipation of the SWV;(2) the area with low outgoing longwave radiation values from AIRS correlated well with the SWV;(3) variation of the temperature of brightness blackbody(TBB) from AIRS reflected the evolution of the SWV, and the values of TBB reduced significantly during the SWV's development; and(4) strong temperature and water vapor inversions were noted during the development of the SWV. The moisture profile displayed large vertical variation during the SWV's puissant phase,with the moisture inversion occurring at low levels. The moisture content during the receding phase was significantly reduced compared with that during the developing and puissant phases. The vertical flux of vapor divergence explained the variation of the moisture profile. These results also indicate the potential for using AIRS products in studying severe weather over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, where in situ measurements are sparse.     

乌鲁木齐东道海子剖面的硅藻记录与环境演变

通过分析乌鲁木齐河尾闾湖泊东道海子剖面的硅藻记录,结合孢粉、磁化率、烧失量和粒度分析资料,以^14C测年数据为基础,讨论了天山北麓古尔班通古特沙漠南部边缘的环境演变。研究认为：东道海子地区在4900aBP～3120aBP这一时段气候较稳定,3120aBP以来,有几次波动;湖泊的高湖面期与气候的冷期对应,湖泊的盐碱度较低,硅藻以及水生、沼生植物生长较繁盛;湖泊的中湖面期与气候的暖期对应,湖泊的盐碱度较高,硅藻以及水生、沼生植物生长较稀少。     

山东石墨资源潜力预测

以"矿床成矿系列"理论为指导,利用"矿床模型综合地质信息预测"方法分析提取石墨典型矿床预测要素,结合典型矿床及石墨成矿地质特征提取区域预测要素,建立了区域成矿模式及区域预测模型。在陆缘海相对稳定的沉积环境下沉积形成的古元古代荆山群陡崖组徐村段含碳碎屑岩-有机质黏土岩-镁质碳酸盐岩建造、古元古代晚期区内的高角闪岩-麻粒岩相的中—高级变质作用是区内晶质石墨矿床形成的必要条件。区域性褶皱构造的翼部、次级褶皱构造的核部及转折端附近,角闪石、透闪石、透辉石、石墨、黑云母矿物组合特征是石墨矿床成矿、赋矿的重要要素,陡崖组徐村段石墨黑云斜长片麻岩或石墨透辉变粒岩是石墨矿床的重要找矿标志。石墨赋矿层位的高极化率、低电阻率、低磁异常特征是石墨矿床存在的重要指示标志。按照赋矿变质建造分布范围,控矿构造展布方向及区内电性、重磁异常特征等综合因素圈定预测区平面及深部延伸边界。全区圈定预测区85个,其中A级14个,B级11个,C级60个,分区域、地段、深度、级别(类别)定量估算500 m以浅资源量,预测晶质石墨矿物量1亿多t。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜富氦气田成藏特征及其大地构造背景*

近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田上古生界天然气中发现伴生的氦气,含量分布在0.045%~0.487%范围内,具有工业价值,其三级储量约为8.3亿立方米,为一特大型含氦—富氦天然气田。东胜气田氦气属于典型的壳源氦,来源于基底的太古界—元古界变质岩—花岗岩系,富集与燕山期以来的岩浆侵入、断裂活动有关。东胜气田具备有利的氦气成藏地质条件,伴生氦气与烃类气具有异源同储成藏特征,剖析其成藏主控因素为: 基底富U、Th岩石发育是基础,断裂活动是核心,储盖圈保条件是必备,时空配置是关键,其中早白垩世是最重要的一期构造—岩浆热事件,深源岩浆活动导致的深部物质和热能的大规模上涌是中生代流体成藏(矿)的有利地球动力学背景,控制了鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩大规模生气。断裂活动和圈闭形成与上古生界天然气、氦气聚集成藏具有良好的时空配置关系,与华北克拉通破坏过程耦合。鄂尔多斯地块在早白垩世至中新世深部热流体对盆地发生的多期岩浆活动、基底断裂活化及浅部断裂活动具有明显的控制作用,同时也对石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩成烃成藏具有重要的控制作用。     

松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组储集空间与油态研究

松辽盆地古龙凹陷有丰富的页岩油气资源.但是目前对古龙凹陷页岩油储层的岩石学特征和页岩油的状态,尤其是储集空间的类型及其组合关联性认识不清.通过对古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组岩芯的精细描述及其薄片分析和电子显微镜观察及三维CT深入研究,发现古龙青山口组页岩油的储集空间具有多样性和多尺度性.除了纳米孔缝外,还有页理缝.根据页理缝...     

渗流监测数据缺失处理与渗透稳定判断

由于地下岩体条件复杂,渗流监测数据缺失现象普遍存在。为了在时间和空间上对地下渗流场进行全面分析,需要对缺失数据进行补充。提出了三类缺失数据的插补方法,对时间序列、空间断面以及区域整体的缺失数据分别用监测统计模型、物理因子修正和反演进行了有效的补充,反映了缺失数据的规律和时间、空间因素对监测数据的影响,最终可得完整、全面的渗流场,并通过反演渗流场对渗透稳定进行判断,为工程评价提供了依据。将该方法用于天荒坪电站缺失数据的插补,结果有效地插补了缺失数据,最终的反演渗流场能够判断渗透破坏可能发生的部位,对工程加固措施具有指导意义。     

地下工程渗流排水孔数值模拟的隐式复合单元法

根据渗流基本原理,提出了排水孔在地下工程中渗流数值模拟的隐式复合单元法。将排水孔隐含于模型网格中,得到排水孔在模型中的数据信息。判断所有排水孔与单元的相对位置,通过修正排水孔所穿过单元的渗透传导矩阵来模拟排水孔的强排水效果,并通过实例对排水子结构法和隐式复合单元法进行了比较。运用编制的三维有限元计算程序对某地下水电站厂房渗流场及排水孔进行了模拟,结果表明,采用隐式复合单元法对排水孔进行模拟是可行的。     

Adsorption Mechanism and Kinetic Characterization of Bituminous Coal under High Temperatures and Pressures in the Linxing‐Shenfu Area

The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.     

富营养化湖泊围隔中重建水生植被及其生态效应

水体富营养化导致水生植被衰退、蓝藻水华暴发、水质恶化和水生生态系统崩溃.恢复水生植被被认为是改善受损水体水质和提高其生态系统稳定性的重要手段.本研究通过构建大型围隔,根据水生植物的耐污程度及其对水质和底质等条件的需求,选取几种适宜的水生植物在围隔内进行移栽与群落构建,并以不移栽水生植物的围隔和围隔外水体作为对照.实验期间(2011年4月至2012年6月),围隔内移栽的几种水生植物全部存活,并建立了相对稳定的群落.同时还跟踪监测了3个处理组的水质情况,结果显示,移栽水生植物的围隔内水质明显优于围隔外,与未移栽水生植物围隔相比,也有很大程度的改善,其中移栽水生植物围隔内水体的总氮、铵态氮、总磷、水下消光系数相比于围隔外水体分别低30.55%、44.09%、36.04%和42.13%,相比于未移栽水生植物围隔内水体分别低5.96%、13.40%、6.70%和7.60%,透明度分别比围隔外水体和未移栽水生植物围隔水体高74.59%和8.70%,浮游植物生物量也大大低于围隔外,而浮游动物生物量却明显高于后者.此外,实验后移栽水生植物围隔内沉积物氮、磷含量及其间隙水总氮、总磷、铵态氮浓度明显低于围隔外和未移栽水生植物围隔.研究表明,在富营养化浅水湖泊中通过建立围隔进行合理的群落配置,进而逐步恢复水生植物是完全可行的,而水生植物恢复后加强对其管理和维护至关重要.     

CAM3模式海气湍流通量参数化的改进及其应用

通过对流性阵风参数化方法,在CAM3原有海气湍流通量参数化方案(CAM3方案)中引入边界层自由对流和降水深对流对海表湍流通量的贡献,改进了CAM3模式的海气湍流通量参数化方案(CAM3 ME方案).在此基础上,利用观测海温积分改进的CAM3模式,分析改进模式对冬(DJF)、夏季(JJA)大气环流异常的模拟性能.结果表明,采用改进的海气湍流通量参数化方案,模式对冬(DJF)、夏季(JJA)大气环流异常年际变化的模拟能力有了很大提高,尤其是冬季(DJF)北太平洋和北美大陆地区以及夏季(JJA)南半球海洋上空.