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881.
N. P. Lukashina 《Oceanology》2013,53(1):99-109
A core of bottom sediments AMK-4438 with a length of 320 cm was taken in the North-Eastern part of the Iceland Basin from the depth of 2240 m. The continuous sampling (every 2 cm) made it possible to study the core using the principle of high-resolving paleoceanology. For the stratigraphic partition of the core, we applied the paleotemperature analysis by planktonic foraminifera and carbonate analysis; the distribution of the iceberg rafted debris (IRD) was studied. As a result, nine isotopic stages were distinguished. The change in the complexes of benthic foraminifera indicates that the present-day deepwater circulation in the North-Eastern part of the Iceland Basin had no analogs in earlier glacial periods, including the MIS 5 age. During almost 300 ka, there were relatively warm, rich in nutrients, and poor in oxygen water masses. The formation of the modern Northern-Eastern deep water in the Iceland Basin began in the Bolling-Allerod 14 ka B.P. 相似文献
882.
N. Al-Shayea 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2002,35(4):271-297
Summary
A fracture toughness study was conducted on a limestone rock formation from a petroleum reservoir in Saudi Arabia, and results
were compared with those for outcrop specimens from the same geological formation. The objective was to investigate the possibility
of using outcrop specimens to estimate the fracture toughness behavior of reservoir rock at in-situ conditions of temperature and confining pressure. The study was made on reservoir specimens from a depth of about 3.5 km,
at both ambient and reservoir conditions. Mixed mode I–II fracture toughness at reservoir conditions of high temperature and
confining pressure was studied using straight notched Brazilian disk (SNBD) specimens under diametrical compression. Tests
were conducted at ambient conditions, at an effective confining pressure (σ3) of 28 MPa (4000 psi), and at a temperature of 116°C. The results showed a substantial increase in fracture toughness under confining pressure. Under σ3=28 MPa, the pure mode-I fracture toughness (K
IC), increased by a factor of about 3.2, and the pure mode-II fracture toughness (K
IIC) increased by a factor of 4.4, compared to those under ambient conditions. On the other hand, K
IC at 116°C was only 25% more than that at ambient conditions. These results were compared with recent results for outcrop specimens
from the same geological formation. The results reveal that outcrop specimens can be successfully used to predict the fracture
behavior of reservoir specimens at in-situ conditions, in spite of some differences at ambient conditions. Additionally, fracture toughness envelopes were obtained
for reservoir specimens at ambient and high pressure conditions, in both positive and negative regions.
Received September 14, 2000; accepted February 22, 2002 Published online September 2, 2002 相似文献
883.
Changes in Global Monsoon Circulations Since 1950 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We examined changes in several independent intensity indices of four majortropical monsoonal circulations for the period 1950–1998. Theseintensity indices included observed land surface precipitation andobserved ocean surface pressure in the monsoon regions aswell as upper-level divergence calculated at severalstandard levels from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis. These values wereaveraged seasonally over appropriate regions of southeastern Asian, western Africa, eastern Africa and the Australia/Maritime continent and adjacent ocean areas. Asa consistency check we also examined two secondary indices: mean sea level pressure trends and low level convergence both from theNCEP reanalysis.We find that in each of the four regions examined, a consistentpicture emerges indicating significantly diminished monsoonalcirculations over the period of record, evidence of diminished spatialmaxima in the global hydrological cycle since 1950. Trends since 1979,the period of strongest reported surface warming, do not indicate any change inmonsoon circulations. When strong ENSO years are removed from each of the time series the trends still show a general, significant reduction of monsoon intensity indicating that ENSO variability is not the direct cause for the observed weakening.Most previously reported model simulations of theeffects of rising CO2 show an increase in monsoonal activity withrising global surface temperature. We find no support in these datafor an increasing hydrological cycle or increasing extremes as hypothesized bygreenhouse warming scenarios. 相似文献
884.
The High Concentration Tails Of The Probability Density Function Of A Dispersing Scalar In The Atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The distribution function for concentrations of a scalar pollutant dispersing in the turbulent atmosphere has a finite domain that is bounded above and below. Three methods, based on extreme value statistics, are used to obtainestimates for the upper bound and to describe the high concentration tailbehaviour of the distribution; all three methods are applied to concentrationdata obtained from experimental atmospheric releases. Quantile quantile (QQ)plots are used to assess the goodness of fit of the resulting estimates of thedistribution, and also to compare the performance of the three methods. Thepredicted values for the upper bound are orders of magnitude less than thesource concentration, illustrating that molecular diffusion has a large effecton the high concentrations. 相似文献
885.
The results of studying the forms of aluminum occurrence in water bodies of Ukraine with different water regime and physical and chemical characteristics are discussed. The quantitative relationships between suspended and dissolved forms of aluminum, the relationship between suspended aluminum and the mass of suspended matter, and the role of complexation in Al(III) migration are considered. The distribution of Al(III) among complex compounds with dissolved organic substances with different chemical nature and molecular mass (anionic fraction) is analyzed. Humic substances are shown to play the major role in Al(III) binding. 相似文献
886.
Seismic performance of exterior beam–column subassemblages of reinforced concrete structure designed and detailed on the basis of the provisions of Eurocode and Indian Standards at different stages of their evolution is evaluated. Performance of the subassemblages designed and detailed according to the three different stages of codal evolution (gravity load design, ‘Nonductile’, and ‘Ductile’) is evaluated through analytical formulations and experimental investigations. In the ‘NonDuctile’ specimens, it has been observed that the shear distortion and degradation in stiffness and strength are significantly high. Performance of the ‘Ductile’ specimens based on Eurocode and Indian Standards is almost similar in terms of strength and stiffness degradation. Nevertheless, the specimen designed on the basis of Indian Standard shows higher energy dissipation at a given drift ratio. In the analytical study, shear and flexural failure of members of subassemblage and shear failure of the joint are considered as possible modes of failure of the beam–column subassemblage. For evaluating the shear strength of the joint region, a soften strut‐and‐tie model is used. Analytically obtained strengths based on the failure criteria of different components of the specimens have been first validated with experimental results and then used to determine the strength of the specimens. The investigation could indicate even the mode of failure at local level. It is utmost important to mention here that even the ductile specimens dissipate most of the energy through the development of damage in the joint region, which is neither desirable nor safe for the stability of whole structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
887.
J. Hošek M. Verčík P. Pokorný J. Beneš V. Komárková T. Radoměřský N. Atanasoska V. Todoroska P. Ardjanliev 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(6):1003-1012
Geoarchaeological investigations on the northeastern shore of Lake Ohrid revealed 3.5 m thick deepwater lacustrine sediments overlying terrestrial vegetation macrofossils, worked wood and abundant potsherds dated to the Late Bronze Age (LBA). Distinct contact of deepwater sediment with the sub-aerial weathered limestone bedrock point to a sudden increase in lake level. According to radiocarbon data, catastrophic flooding occurred shortly after 1214 yr bc. Because the area is located in a highly active seismic zone, we propose that this event was caused by tectonically induced, metre-scale coseismic subsidence related to faults bordering the Ohrid alluvial plain. Moreover, this event coincides well with a dramatic switch in the habitation and settlement strategy in the region. More important, however, is the finding that the age of the proposed massive tectonic event and change in habitation lies within the interval of the proposed ‘earthquake storm’ in the eastern Mediterranean dated to 1225–1175 bc. As the Ohrid-Korça zone belongs to the same tectonic province, a relationship between the abovementioned earthquakes and the proposed event can be expected. This research therefore might provide the first direct evidence of a large-scale earthquake event linkable to the LBA collapse of Europe's first urban civilisation in the Aegean. 相似文献
888.
The lithological-stratigraphic study of volcanogenic-siliceous rocks developed on the left side of the Machtovaya River, a right tributary of the Amur River, yielded the first radiolarian assemblages of the late Late Tithonian, the late Late Tithonian-early Valanginian, and the middle-late Albian age. It is established that the stratigraphic succession of volcanogenic-siliceous rocks in this area is composed of upper Tithonian-Valanginian dark red to red-brown cherts with basalts in the lower part of the section and Albian dark gray clayey cherts, olive-gray siliceous-tuffaceous argillites, and tufaceous siltstones in its upper part. The replacement of cherts by their clayey varieties likely occurred in the Aptian. The composition, structure, and age of these strata and the rocks constituting the Kiselevka-Manoma accretionary complex are different, which indicates their different tectonic origin. 相似文献
889.
890.
S. V. Solomonov E. P. Kropotkina S. B. Rozanov A. N. Ignat’ev A. N. Lukin 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2017,57(3):361-368
This paper reports the study data on variations in the ozone content in the middle stratosphere over Moscow based on millimeter wavelength observations during a range of midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings that occurred in the past two decades. The relation of ozone with planetary waves and the intensity of the polar stratospheric vortex has been established. The ozone vertical distribution has been monitored with a highly sensitive spectrometer with a two-millimeter wave band. The discovered phenomena of a relatively long-term lower ozone content in December in the considered cold half-year periods are related to the higher amplitude of the planetary wave with n = 1. Such phenomena preceded the development of strong midwinter stratospheric warmings, which, in turn, were accompanied by a significant increase in the ozone content in January. This ozone enrichment was related to the lower amplitude of the wave with n = 1 and higher amplitude of the wave with n = 2 and was accompanied by geopotential H c.v. growth in the polar vortex center. Specific features of variations in the ozone content under the influence of the major atmospheric processes are observed not only in certain cold half-year periods but are also well seen in the general averaged pattern for winters with strong stratospheric warmings. 相似文献