江淮流域夏季降水的准两年振荡特征及其关联因子分析

利用1951—2010年我国江淮流域11个测站夏季(6—8月)降水资料和NCAR提供的北半球月平均海平面气压场资料以及相关的西太平洋副高指数资料,采用Morlet小波变换、交叉小波变换及相关分析等方法讨论了降水准两年振荡现象的年际变化规律及其与东亚夏季风、副高的关系。结果表明,准两年振荡分量在江淮地区夏季降水场的年际振荡中十分重要,且经历了由强到弱再到强的变化过程;同时降水与夏季风强度及副高脊线位置的准两年变化均存在较好的同期相关,彼此间的相互影响还体现在年际尺度上,并分别在4 a和1 a时间尺度上有明显的滞后、超前关系。     

公交车辆全线运行状态的监督站牌及查询系统

针对出行者对公交车辆运行信息的需求,基于GPS技术设计了一个动态显示公交车辆位置信息的监督站牌系统,并提供公交位置信息的网络查询服务,方便出行者了解公交车辆的实时运营信息,以及对公交车辆的实时监督.系统以LabVIEW为软件开发平台对数据进行分析与处理,利用ASP.NET进行Web网页开发并与数据库交互,实现公交系统的智能运营和智能服务.通过实际验证,该方案具有可行性、实用性.     

嫦娥三号导航相机测图能力分析及地形重建

基于立体相机成像模型并结合相机参数对嫦娥三号导航相机3维测图能力进行分析,利用摄影测量原理和误差传播定律对巡视器30 m范围内的DEM精度进行了理论分析,推导出导航相机立体影像获得的采样点精度公式,并绘制了DEM的平面精度图和高程精度图;同时使用多线程技术开发了基于导航相机立体影像的地形快速重建算法,利用多线程技术完成影像的特征匹配和密集匹配,并通过分块内插生成DEM。该技术应用于嫦娥三号任务中,有力地支持了嫦娥三号遥操作路径规划相关任务。     

面向对象规则和支持向量机的天宫一号高光谱影像分类

传统的高光谱分类方法通常基于单一像元的光谱或纹理特征,很少考虑地物空间结构信息与空间相关特征.本文将面向对象规则与基于像元的分类进行融合,利用对象的空间结构特征和光谱特征进行混合分类,旨在克服像元层次分类的不足.本文尝试性的提出了两种混合分类方法:(1)基于分形网络演化的多尺度分割支持向量机分类(2)基于多层分水岭分割的SVM分类,并将这两种方法应用到天宫一号高光谱数据上.结果表明:基于面向对象规则的混合分类方法有效地提高了分类精度,不仅能够改善同谱异物现象,而且解决分类结果中地物破碎的问题.     

城市级地下管网BIM建设及应用

随着测绘地理信息技术和BIM技术在城市发展中的深入应用,城市级地下管网BIM建设成为智慧城市建设三维实景中国建设中的必要一环。本文结合新型基础测绘在地下空间测绘中的应用,提出利用地下管网测绘数据与BIM深度融合技术快速构建城市级地下管网BIM的技术流程和体系,构建了城市级别(GIS)场景下的精细化BIM模型,实现了测绘数据与设计数据的无缝融合,打通了多专业协同中与测绘数据融合的通道,为看不见的地下城市建设提供准确的三维空间数据底座。基于本文研究成果,以某城市为应用案例,在城市排水管网改造工程、智慧水务云平台建设、智慧管廊施工管理等领域进行了应用,验证了本文研究的可行性、有效性和应用价值。     

胶东郭家岭花岗闪长岩U--Pb年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

郭家岭花岗闪长岩岩石地球化学特征表明其SiO2含量较高,为71.3%~73.28%,K2O=2.14%~4.29%,属于高钾钙碱性--钙碱性I型花岗岩。锆石LA--ICP--MS U--Pb年龄显示郭家岭花岗岩体成岩年龄为127.9±1.3 Ma,属早白垩世。岩石的Rb/Sr和Nb/Ta比值,以及暗色闪长质包体研究表明郭家岭花岗闪长岩为壳幔混合源,岩浆源区为具有幔源特征的新生镁铁质下地壳。结合区域地质分析认为郭家岭花岗闪长岩的形成与太平洋板块俯冲引起的大陆弧伸展作用最密切。     

Non-Darcian flow toward a larger-diameter partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer

In this study, non-Darcian flow to a larger-diameter partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer was investigated. The flow in the horizontal direction was assumed to be non-Darcian and described by the Izbash equation, and the flow in the vertical direction was assumed to be Darcian. A linearization procedure was used to approximate the nonlinear governing equation. The Laplace transform associated with the finite cosine Fourier transform was used to solve such non-Darcian flow model. Both the drawdowns inside the well and in the aquifer were analyzed under different conditions. The results indicated that the drawdowns inside the well were generally the same at early times under different conditions, and the features of the drawdowns inside the well at late times were similar to those of the drawdowns in the aquifer. The drawdown in the aquifer for the non-Darcian flow case was larger at early times and smaller at late times than their counterparts of Darcian flow case. The drawdowns for a partially penetrating well were the same as those of a fully penetrating well at early times, and were larger than those for a fully penetrating well at late times. A longer well screen resulted in a smaller drawdown in the aquifer at late times. A larger power index n in the Izbash equation resulted in a larger drawdown in the aquifer at early times and led to a smaller drawdown in the aquifer at late times. A larger well radius led to a smaller drawdown at early times, but it had little impact on the drawdown at late times. The wellbore storage effect disappears earlier when n is larger.     

Magmatic activity and its geological significance in Early Jurassic in Mangui area of Inner Mongolia

By investigating the U-Pb zircon isotope geochronology and petrogochemistry of the major magmatic rocks in Mangui area, the authors in this paper discussed the forming era, tectonic background and geological significance. A large amount of intrusive rocks and a small amount of medium-acid volcanic rocks in Early Jurassic were found in this area. U-Pb dating by LA-ICP-MS method shows that the ages are from (199±1)Ma to (184±1)Ma and the rock types can be divided into fine-medium-grained quartz diorite, medium-grained granodiorite, fine-medium-grained monzogranite, medium-fine-grained macrophenocryst monzogranite, rhyolite, dacite and andesite, which didn’t ouur in Neoprotezoic-Paleozoic period as previous researchers thought, revealing the tectonic and magmatic activities during the Early Mesozoic period. The geochemical results show that the rocks are Ⅰ-type magmatic rocks of subluminous-peraluminous high-K calc-alkaline series. The fractionation between light and heavy rare-erath elements((La/Yb)_N= 3.42~32.96) and the Eu depletion degree is not complied with the evaluation from basic to acidic. The large ion lithophile element Ba is relatively rich and Rb, Sr are relatively delicient. The high field strength elements Th and U are relatively rich and Nb, Ti, Y are relatively deficient. The magma origin and tectonic setting show that quartz diorite and medium-fine-grained macrophenocryst monzogranite come from crust-mantle mixed magma, while the medium-acid volcanic rocks, granodiorite and fine-medium-grained monzogranite are from the partial melting of crustal materials, whose formation is connected with the evolution of Mongol-Okhotsk Suture Zone. The geology and geochemistry of the Early Mesozoic magmatic rocks indicate that the middle part of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean might begin subduction at the end of the middle Triassic and close the Early Jurassic. The peak collision might take place at the Early Jurassic, not in the Late Triassic as previous thought. The Mohe over-thrust nappe system might form in the remote effect of southward extrusion during the closing process of the eastem part of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. The middle and eastern Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean closing age is of great importance to reveal the basin-range tectonic formation during the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous in Northeast China.     

The comparison analysis of Chinese public perception of earthquakes on different time scales

China has suffered from severe earthquake disasters in recent years. In order to explore the impact of severe earthquakes on public risk perception on different time scales, four surveys were conducted twice each after the severe Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes. t tests were performed between two consecutive surveys to explore the change of public risk attitudes. The results demonstrated that after the two severe earthquakes, the public seismic risk acceptance has increased over time, and the comparison between pre- and post-Yushu earthquake illustrated that the severe disaster had more impact on vulnerable population such as females, children and low-income people. Moreover, linear regression models were employed to find the determining factors of public acceptance towards earthquake risks. It was discovered that the public perceived earthquake effect had significant negative relationship with seismic risk acceptance, and public trust towards local government had positive relationship with the risk acceptance. This study could help government to gain better understanding of public mental status and take more effective disaster preparedness measures when preventing and responding to a severe earthquake.     

仿示波器显示在长周期MT测深仪中的应用

MTU-5、V8、LEMI-417等大地电磁测深仪器的人机交互方式均基于文字,用户仅凭文字难以发现采集中的问题。由于示波器能把人眼无法直接捕捉到的电信号的时变规律以可见的图像形式显示出来,故将该技术应用于长周期大地电磁测深仪CLP中,使仪器的人机交互方式基于图形用户界面(GUI)。本系统的GUI选用Visual C++6.0作为开发工具,在规划了显示区域,建立了设备环境类CDC以及CPen、CBitmap等绘图工具类的对象后,设计了仿示波器界面,在示波器界面中,用MoveTo与LineTo函数实现了对采集数据的实时动态显示。此外,使显示窗口自适应显示器分辨率属性、信号最大化显示、显示背景设置为灰白色,以方便操作。经野外试验,该显示技术有助于用户对采集的数据进行分析,为下一步工作提供依据。