D-InSAR技术在地面沉降监测中的应用

重复轨道差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术在监测地表形变方面得到了深入的研究和广泛的应用。本研究将时间序列分析方法引入到差分干涉测量技术中,并和永久散射体技术相结合,提出一种基于PS点的差分干涉时间序列分析方法。该方法以干涉图上两个较近PS点的相位差为研究对象,能够消除大气相位延迟对差分干涉处理的影响。并将该方法应用在天津地面沉降监测实验中,获得了天津地区地面沉降数据和沉降分布图,取得了比较满意的结果。     

Identification of different types of harzburgites and their lithofacies zonation in ophiolites : Evidence from the special geological survey of Dingqing ophioliteSCIEI北大核心CSCD

The ophiolite is an ancient oceanic lithosphere remnant emplaced on the continent, and it is the direct carrier to record the ancient ocean basin from formation to demise. Therefore, the study of ophiolite can provide strong evidence for revealing and restoring the tectonic system and evolution history of ancient oceans and continents. The field geological survey and mapping for ophiolite are the basis for the research on the petrogenesis of chromite, peridotite and oceanic crust units. According to the characteristics of mineral composition, structure and mineral chemistry of harzburgites in Dingqing ophiolite, it is divided into massive, inhomogeneous, pyroxene-oriented, spherulitic and mylonitized harzburgite. Five types of harzburgite were discovered for the first time in the Laraka survey area through 1 : 50000 special geological mapping, and there were obvious lithofacies zoning characteristics in the area of five types of harzburgites. The massive harzburgite lithofacies belts are distributed in the middle of the Laraka survey area, and the inhomogeneous harzburgite lithofacies appear symmetrically on both sides. A small amount of pyroxene-oriented harzburgite lithofacies is distributed in the interior or edge of massive harzburgite facies belt in a lenticular shape, and the production of a very small amount of spheroidal harzburgite is related to basic intrusive rocks. The mylonitized harzburgite lithofacies belt is a slender strip outcropping on the southern margin of the peridotite massif. There is a certain spatial correlation between the distribution, type and scale of chromite deposits or mineralization points and the peridotite facies zoning. More than 20 high -chromium -type chromite deposits are distributed in the inhomogeneous harzburgite, but the massive harzburgite lithofacies have few chromite deposits or mineralizations. The A -A' peridotite lithofacies measured profile in the Lallaka survey area and its corresponding mineral chemical profile further confirm the existence of lithofacies zoning. Cr-spinels in different types of harzburgites show different mineral chemical characteristics. The Cr-# of Cr-spinel in massive harzburgite, in inhomogeneous harzburgite, in pyroxene oriented harzburgite and in the spheroidal harzburgite is 65. 59 similar to 69. 37, 49. 99 similar to 57. 86, 75.19 similar to 85.24 and 57.66 similar to 80.04, respectively. The Cr# of Cr-spinel in inhomogeneous -> massive -> pyroxene-oriented harzburgite gradually increases from 49. 99 to 85.24, indicating that these harzburgite have experienced 23% similar to 43% medium -high partially melted. The mineral chemistry data of massive and pyroxene-oriented harzburgite in the mineral chemistry diagram both fall in the fore -arc peridotite environment, and the inhomogeneous harzburgite falls in the overlapping area of deep-sea and fore -arc peridotite. The Fo of olivine in the spherulite harzburgite is 86.43% similar to 87.05%, and the En of orthopyroxene is 84.66% similar to 85.78%, which are bronzite, indicating magmatic origin. The mylonitized harzburgite is the result of tectonic emplacement of the massif. Different types of peridotite and their lithofacies zoning were identified in the Dingqing ophiolite, which provides a new idea for us to deeply study the multi -stage magmatism of the oceanic lithosphere and the genesis of peridotite and chromite.     

矾山碱性岩体磷铁矿床金的地球化学

河北矾山钾质碱性岩体,由３期侵入岩和脉岩正长岩组成。第１期岩石为层状超镁铁质岩系,具韵律层结构。层状岩系中赋存巨大磁铁磷灰石矿床。碱性岩体全岩２２５个样品平均含金为７．８×１０－９。矾山岩体金的丰度为６．１×１０－９,是地壳金丰度（３．５×１０－９）的１．７４倍。第１期岩石平均金含量为８．８×１０－９,第２期岩石为５．１×１０－９,第３期岩石为７．４×１０－９,正长岩为４．２×１０－９。第１期侵入岩中辉石岩平均金含量为９．３１×１０－９,黑云辉石岩平均为７．７８×１０－９,伟晶正长黑云辉石岩为７．４０×１０－９,间隙状正长辉石岩为８．００×１０－９,磁铁磷灰石岩为１３．７８×１０－９,磷灰石岩和黑云磷灰石岩为１１．８０×１０－９,黑云母岩为１８．６３×１０－９。在垂直层状岩系的剖面上,岩石金含量呈韵律性变化。在东矿区,岩石金含量由西向东趋于降低。在岩浆液相分离过程中,金倾向富集在含铁、镁、钙和磷的熔体相中,而在岩浆结晶分异过程中,金可能富集在流体相中。     

论述金的成矿背景——含金地质建造

本文以含金地质建造的概念表述成矿前矿质的分布,进而阐述金的成矿背景.原生含金地质建造系指各地质时期具金高丰度值的超镁铁质岩石,主要来自上地幔.转生含金地质建造是地质环境发生重大改变之后,由原生含金地质建造转化所形成.     

固底管桩单桩承载力的研究

通过现场对预应力管桩底部采用高压旋喷法进行加固这一新的施工工艺试验,探讨预应力管桩桩端为水泥土情况下的受力机理及提高管桩端阻力和单桩极限承载力的效果,并探讨其在天津地区的适用性。     

冀东柳赞油田古近系沙河街组层序地层及岩相古地理?

柳赞油田位于河北省滦南县与唐海县交界处,是冀东油田的主力油田之一。构造上处于燕山褶皱带前缘，渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷的东部。受柏各庄断层活动及古斜坡地形的影响，该区古近系沙三段地层属于近源快速堆积沉积，分选差，成熟度低，岩相复杂，为典型的扇三角洲沉积。通过对沉积特征和沉积相带展布的分析，建立了工区扇三角洲的沉积模式。以层序地层学原理和方法为手段，应用测井和三维地震资料，通过不整合面、湖泛面等层序界面和沉积旋回的识别，将柳赞油田沙河街组地层划分为4个准层序组，12个准层序，建立了高分辨率的层序地层格架，分析了准层序在垂向上的叠置样式，把准层序组归纳为进积式和退积式两种类型，确定了优质储层在准层序和准层序组中出现的位置及分布规律。论文在分析沙河街组沉积时期古地形、古气候与古生态特征的基础上，应用砂岩厚度等值线图，恢复了柳赞油田古近系沙河街组岩相古地理面貌。研究表明，工区内发育扇三角洲前缘亚相，分支水道是主要的砂体微相，砂体沿北东－南西向延伸，与古物源方向基本一致。     

泥河湾盆地籍箕滩剖面记录的6400年以来环境变化与人类活动影响

本文对泥河湾盆地籍箕滩剖面地表下65～ 75cm、140～150cm、190～ 200cm和300～310cm处的4块泥质样品进行了AMS14C测年,校正后的年代分别为2117cal.a B.P.、3081cal.a B.P.、5481cal.aB.P.和6420cal.a B.P.,表明籍箕滩剖面305cm以上地层形成于全新世中晚期.籍箕滩剖面的孢粉、炭屑和磁化率分析,揭示了研究区中全新世以来的植被演替、气候变化和人类活动的影响.6400～ 5800cal.a B.P.,气候总体温暖湿润,籍箕滩南面的浅山地带可能有森林生长,孢粉百分比和炭屑含量的变化表明,该阶段植被对气候变化和人类活动影响非常敏感.6000cal.a B.P.前人类活动使籍箕滩剖面南面浅山地带的森林遭到一定破坏;6000～5800cal.a B.P.,籍箕滩周边的人类活动可能有所减弱或迁移他处,籍箕滩剖面南面浅山地带的森林得到一定恢复;5500 cal.a B.P.左右的降温事件和4000 cal.a B.P.左右的干旱事件以及人类活动,使得泥河湾盆地的森林植被破坏后再也没有恢复到之前的景观,草原植被迅速发展;4000～2000cal.a B.P.,气候以冷干为主,区域内森林植被几近消失,只在水分条件较好的地方有小片阔叶灌丛林生长,植被类型表现为草原或干草原.泥河湾盆地中晚全新世以来的气候变化与其他地方的对比表明,东亚季风的衰退具同步性.     

Evaluation of groundwater availability and sustainable extraction rate for the Upper Santiago Valley Aquifer,Chile

The use of groundwater as water supply has increased dramatically in Santiago, Chile, during the last decades, and there is a need for accurately estimating the actual groundwater supply capacity in the upper Santiago Valley aquifer. The behavior of this aquifer was studied in order to determine the availability of water and the long-range sustainable extraction rate.Water-table depths were simulated using a numerical model with information on recharge from the last 48 years under different extraction policies. With this series of groundwater level data, groundwater level probability distribution functions were determined and extraction statistics were estimated by fitting time series models and by using the crossing theory. With this information, it has been possible to calculate the risk of being unable to supply groundwater demand because the results verify that only 67% of the water rights granted are able to be extracted on a sustained basis with a 90% exceedance probability. Furthermore, the results obtained demonstrate that the method is adequate for determining exceedance probabilities of groundwater flow.

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Resumen El uso de las aguas subterráneas como fuente de abastecimiento se ha incrementado enormemente en Santiago de Chile durante las últimas décadas, por lo que se necesita estimar de forma adecuada la capacidad actual de suministro del acuífero superior del Valle de Santiago. Se ha estudiado el comportamiento de este acuífero para determinar la disponibilidad de recursos y la tasa de extracción sustentable a largo plazo.Se ha simulado los niveles freáticos del acuífero utilizando un modelo numérico con información de la recarga en los últimos 48 años bajo diferentes regímenes de extracción. Con esta serie de datos de los niveles en el acuífero, se ha determinado la distribución de probabilidad de los niveles de las aguas subterráneas y se ha estimado las estadísticas de las extracciones mediante el ajuste de modelos de series temporales y la teoría de cruce. Con esta información, se ha podido calcular el riego de no satisfacer la demanda de abastecimiento, puesto que los resultados verifican que sólo se podría extraer el 67% de las concesiones de agua existentes de manera sustentable con un 90% de probabilidad de excedencia. Aún más, los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el método es adecuado para determinar las probabilidades de excedencia del flujo de las aguas subterráneas.

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Resumé Lutilisation de leau souterraine pour leau potable sest considérablement accrue à Santiago (Chili) au cours des derniers lustres; cest pourquoi il est maintenant nécessaire destimer avec précision la capacité réelle dalimentation de la nappe de laquifère supérieur de la vallée de Santiago. Le fonctionnement de cet aquifère a été étudié afin de déterminer la disponibilité en eau et le taux dextraction durable à long terme.Les niveaux de la nappe ont été simulés avec un modèle numérique à partir dinformation sur la recharge au cours des 48 dernières années pour différentes politiques dextraction. A partir de cette série de données piézométriques, des fonctions de distribution de probabilité des niveaux de la nappe ont été déterminées et des statistiques dextraction ont été estimées par ajustement de modèles de séries chronologiques en utilisant la théorie du croisement. Avec ces informations, il a été possible de calculer le risque de ne pas pouvoir satisfaire la demande deau souterraine, puisque les résultats vérifient que seulement 67% des droits deau attribués peuvent être extraits sur une base durable avec une probabilité de dépassement de 90%. En outre, les résultats obtenus démontrent que la méthode est adaptée à la détermination des probabilités de dépassement de lécoulement souterrain.