Enhancement and Mapping of Weak Multivariate Stream Sediment Geochemical Anomalies in Ahar Area,NW Iran

In this study, stream sediment geochemical data have been subjected to robust principal components analysis (RPCA) and singularity mapping (SM) to enhance and map significant multivariate geochemical anomalies (i.e., mineralization-related) in Ahar area, NW Iran. The RPCA was applied to (a) account for the compositional nature of stream sediment geochemical data using suitable log-ratio transformation, (b) modulate the effect of outliers in component estimation and (c) derive a multivariate geochemical footprint of mineralization. The SM was applied to extract anomalous patterns of the multivariate geochemical footprint of mineralization. The exploration targets were then delineated using Student’s t-statistics analysis. The correlations of mapped exploration targets with the known mineral occurrences and mineralization-related patterns were further evaluated using normalized density index and overall accuracy analyses.     

Lee yang theory for cosmological many body problem

We study the phase transition in a gravitating system by analyzing grand canonical partition function as a function of complex fugacity. We extend the Yang-Lee theory to study phase transitions in the gravitational galaxy clustering of galaxies having a variety of masses. This generalizes our previous work based on the same theory for the single-component system to a multicomponent system. We find that galaxy clustering is sensitive to masses and number densities of individual galaxies at early stages while at later stages collective behavior of the particles is more pronounced. This validates our earlier work obtained from different considerations.     

Bringing globalization to the countryside: Special Economic Zones in India

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are important vectors of neoliberal globalization in India. Despite facing widespread resistance against the proposed land acquisition for these zones, they are still being promoted across the country. We argue that the wealth redistribution to the country's elites and the fractured resistance movements enable neoliberalism and its practices to grow in the countryside. Using a private sector SEZ in Gurgaon as a case study, this article explores how special economic zoning, as a neoliberal policy, has been implicated in the spatialized production of poverty. We also show that the main actors who promote neoliberalism in India (the state and the large‐scale urban private sector) have found a seemingly unlikely ally in rural India in the form of farmers with large landholdings, rural elites who are willing to let go of their land under certain conditions. The data for the article was collected in India in 2009–10.     

Socio-political and ecological stresses on traditional pastoral systems: A review

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Pastoralism is a viable socio-economic system-shaped by landless and agro-pastoral communities in many pastoral regions of the world. This system is mainly based...     

Surfactant Enhance DLLME/FO‐LADS: Assay of Malachite Green Level in Aquatic Environment of Trout Fish

Malachite green (MG), a traditional agent used in aquaculture although is not approved; its low cost and high efficacy make illicit use likely. We developed a small‐scale, simple, and sensitive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for the assay of trace amounts of MG in aquatic environment of Trout fish. Fiber optic‐linear array detection spectrophotometry with charge‐coupled device detector benefiting from a microcell was used for this purpose. The method is based on enhancement effect of an anionic surfactant on the extraction of MG in to very fine multidroplets of microextraction solvent which made assisted by disperser solvent. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factor 77.5 was obtained from a 5‐mL water sample. The calibration graph was linear up to 5 × 10^?7 mol L^?1 with detection limit of 1 × 10^?8 mol L^?1. The relative standard deviation for seven replicate measurements of 4 × 10^?7 and 5 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 of MG were 3.3 and 4.5%, respectively.     

Sediment settling in the Latian Dam in Iran

Among the difficulties that influence future dam operations,reservoir sedimentation is the most problematic for engineers.This study predicted the amount and pattern of sedimentation for use in estimation of the useful lifespan of reservoirs and identification of optimal locations for outlets and intakes at the initial stages of dam design.Hydrographic surveys of different dams can provide better insight into this phenomenon.Latian Dam in Iran has conducted hydrographic surveys during 7 time periods.The amount and process of sedimentation in this reservoir were determined,and predictions of distribution of sediments were validated by well-known,common methods.The formation of a delta in the reservoir was investigated for different time periods after operation.Future problems due to the impacts of sedimentation on dam operation and the useful lifespan of the reservoir were predicted.In addition,the study results may be used for developing empirical methods to predict sedimentation patterns in other reservoirs.     

Earthquake relocation in the Central Alborz region of Iran using a non-linear probabilistic method

In this study, we calculate accurate absolute locations for nearly 3,000 shallow earthquakes (≤20 km depth) that occurred from 1996 to 2010 in the Central Alborz region of northern Iran using a non-linear probabilistic relocation algorithm on a local scale. We aim to produce a consistent dataset with a realistic assessment of location errors using probabilistic hypocenter probability density functions. Our results indicate significant improvement in hypocenter locations and far less scattering than in the routine earthquake catalog. According to our results, 816 earthquakes have horizontal uncertainties in the 0.5–3.0 km range, and 981 earthquakes are relocated with focal-depth errors less than 3.0 km, even with a suboptimal network geometry. Earthquake relocated are tightly clustered in the eastern Tehran region and are mainly associated with active faults in the study area (the Mosha and Garmsar faults). Strong historical earthquakes have occurred along the Mosha and Garmsar faults, and the relocated earthquakes along these faults show clear north-dipping structures and align along east–west lineations, consistent with the predominant trend of faults within the study region. After event relocation, all seismicity lies in the upper 20 km of the crust, and no deep seismicity (>20 km depth) has been observed. In many circumstances, the seismicity at depth does not correlate with surface faulting, suggesting that the faulting at depth does not directly offset overlying sediments.