冰雹天气过程的综合分析

选取发生在邯郸辖区内的5次冰雹天气过程,应用常规观测资料并结合雷达回波资料,从天气形势、物理量场和雷达回波演变特征等几方面进行了综合分析。结果表明:冰雹天气出现在对流性不稳定层结条件下,中高层干冷低层暖湿,地面有中尺度辐合切变线配合,0℃层、-20℃层和强垂直风切变的高度适宜。多普勒雷达能很好地监测中尺度天气系统的发展演变过程,回波强度和回波顶高度的变化、速度对和逆风区的出现、1 h降水累积值和垂直积分液态水含量的急剧增加等都对冰雹的出现具有指示意义。     

Comparative Planetary Space Physics

It has been 60 years since the space physics as new branch of geophysics started to grow in 1957 when the space age was opened by a small satellite called sputnik. The knowledge of Earth and planetary space has been significantly extended and deepened, but the questions we are facing today are more challenging. A consensus reached is that we have to regard the Earth (planet) as an integrated system including all spheres from the inner core to the magnetosphere, and we should try to investigate some questions standing on the ground of interdisciplinary study, especially those questions related to Earth’s (planetary) evolution. Space environment as the outer part of a planetary system, commonly exists in all planets but also exhibits strong diversity. Here, we introduce the short history of basic ideas and methods of comparative study, the advantages on understanding of some issues of global scale, and the prospect from comparative perspective.     

中国东北部陆缘内生金矿床成因类型、成矿时代及地球动力学背景

中国东北部陆缘是我国内生金矿床较为发育的地区之一,以成矿作用复杂、蕴藏丰富的金资源量倍受国内外地质学家关注。通过对该区内生金矿的地质和成矿年代的系统研究,初步将该区内生金矿床划分为中温热液金矿床、接触交代-热液金矿床、斑岩型/类斑岩型金铜矿床和浅成低温热液金矿床4种主要成因类型和3个重要成矿期（170～160 Ma、130～110 Ma和110～90 Ma）。结合同位素地球化学特征,进一步确定中温热液金矿床的成矿物质主要来自下地壳源,成矿作用与中生代燕山早期古太平洋板块俯冲作用引发的中国东部大陆边缘岩石圈减薄及拆沉的动力学过程密切相关;接触交代-热液金矿床的成矿物质来源于年轻地壳,成矿作用与古太平洋板块俯冲引起的岩石圈减薄拆沉的伸展构造背景下的岩浆接触交代作用更为密切;而斑岩型/类斑岩型金铜矿床和浅成低温热液金矿床的成矿物质来源为壳幔混合源,其成矿发生在古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆正北向俯冲转入Izanagi Farallon板块西向俯冲的构造转换期。     

新疆阿尔泰克因布拉克铜锌矿床地质特征及成矿作用

克因布拉克中型铜锌矿床赋存于早二叠世花岗岩外接触带的上志留统-下泥盆统康布铁堡组黑云石英片岩、变质石英砂岩中。矿床的形成经历了夕卡岩期、热液期和表生期,铜锌矿主要形成于热液期。矿石中石英和方解石流体包裹体划分为H_2O-NaCl型和H_2O-CO_2(±CH_4/N_2)-NaCl型。成矿温度变化于146～448℃,在170℃、270℃和350℃出现峰值;流体盐度变化于0.2%～46.9%NaCl_(eq),峰值为1.5%NaCl_(eq)和5.5%NaCl_(eq);流体的密度0.55～1.19g/cm~3。硫化物的δ~(34)S集中变化于-8.4‰～1.9‰,峰值为0‰,表明硫来自岩浆。石英和方解石δD_(SMOW)介于-130‰～-79‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值介于8.0‰～11.6‰,δ~(18)O_(H2O)值为-1.7‰～4.43‰,表明成矿流体主要是岩浆水,混合大气降水。方解石中δ~(13)C_(PDB)变化于-5.3‰～-1.1‰,暗示碳来自花岗质岩浆。成矿时代为早中二叠世,成矿作用与花岗质岩浆期后的热液活动有关。     

喇嘛苏铜矿床斑岩体地质地球化学特征及含矿性评价

矿区内广泛发育以斜长花岗斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩为主的中酸性斑岩体。斑岩的结构特征反映出岩浆浅成侵位成因。研究表明该区斑岩具有相对富硅和富碱高钾的岩石化学特征,属钙碱性系列;具有Ｃｕ、Ａｇ、Ｂｉ等成矿元素高丰度的微量元素地球化学特征和低ΣＲＥＥ与高δＥｕ值的稀土地球化学特征。矿区内铜矿化富集在斑岩体内外接触带,斑岩体深源浅成特点和富碱高钾岩石化学特征于铜矿化富集有利。Ｃｕ、Ａｇ等成矿元素高丰度及其与矿化类型一致性说明成矿与岩浆活动有密切成因关系。     

天山-兴蒙造山带主要钼矿床Re-Os定年和地质意义

天山-兴蒙钼矿带是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分,该成矿带主要呈近东西向分布;本文通过对天山-兴蒙钼矿带4个典型矿床Re-Os同位素精确定年,结合前人区域动力学背景的研究,揭示天山-兴蒙造山带钼矿床的成矿作用主要与岩浆侵入形成的花岗岩热液作用有关,并识别出兴蒙造山带3期岩浆活动、钼成矿作用和构造热事件;Re-Os定年结果揭示出晚古生代铜-钼矿床与俯冲-增生作用有关,三叠纪钼的成矿形成于西伯利亚板块与塔里木-华北克拉通碰撞背景下,而侏罗纪-早白垩世的钼成矿作用与古太平洋板块西向俯冲作用有关。     

新疆阿尔泰巴特巴克布拉克铁矿床成矿作用研究

巴特巴克布拉克铁矿床赋存于上志留-下泥盆统康布铁堡组变质火山-沉积岩系中, 近矿围岩为石榴子石矽卡岩、角闪斜长变粒岩和浅粒岩。矿体总体顺层分布, 呈似层状、透镜状及不规则状, 空间上与矽卡岩密切相关。流体包裹体研究表明, 矽卡岩阶段形成的石榴子石中发育纯气体包裹体、气体包裹体、液体包裹体、含子矿物包裹体及熔融包裹体; 退化蚀变阶段发育液体包裹体和少量气体包裹体; 石英-硫化物阶段主要发育液体包裹体、含液体CO₂的三相包裹体及少量纯气体包裹体、气体包裹体和含子矿物包裹体。矽卡岩阶段均一温度变化为217 ℃~499 ℃, 在255 ℃出现峰值, 盐度(NaCl_eq)变化为8.68%~22.65%; 退化蚀变阶段均一温度变化为181 ℃~432 ℃, 在225 ℃出现峰值, 盐度变化为12.85%~22.65%; 石英-硫化物阶段均一温度变化为140 ℃~482 ℃, 在155 ℃出现峰值, 盐度变化为0.18%~42.40%。石榴子石、石英和方解石的 δ¹⁸ O_SMOW 变化为1.8‰~7.1‰, δ¹⁸Ο_Η2Ο为 -4.79‰~4.57‰, δD_SMOW 为 -128‰~-84‰, 表明矽卡岩阶段成矿流体主要为岩浆水, 混合少量大气降水; 石英-硫化物阶段大气降水所占比例明显增加。方解石δ¹³ C_V-PDB 变化为 -3.2‰~-2.0‰, 表明流体中的碳来自深部或地幔。     

鄂西秭归盆地中三叠世-早侏罗世沉积记录及其对秦岭印支碰撞造山作用的启示

随着印支期南秦岭勉略洋盆闭合,华南和华北两大块体最终拼贴、构成中国大陆的基本轮廓。普遍认为这一洋陆转换、碰撞造山发生在三叠纪,但具体时间和空间过程仍存在较多争议。秭归盆地位于秦岭逆冲褶皱带东段南缘,是扬子北缘前陆盆地系统的重要组成,在沉积序列和碎屑来源上与秦岭印支期造山作用密切相关。该盆地经历早中三叠世滨-浅海相到晚三叠世-早侏罗世三角洲-河流相的沉积转变,中三叠统巴东组和上三叠统九里岗组之间发育平行不整合。不整合面之上的上三叠统-下侏罗统砂岩在碎屑组分上不仅含有泥岩、粉砂岩等沉积岩岩屑和千枚岩、板岩和片岩等中-低级变质岩岩屑,而且还见有中酸性火山岩岩屑。结合碎屑锆石颗粒U-Pb定年和古流向数据,这些火山岩岩屑揭示北部的秦岭造山带源区在晚三叠世(225~200Ma)存在火山活动,与同期的花岗质侵入岩一起反映秦岭印支期的同碰撞造山岩浆活动。     

水汽瞬态相变的激波管实验研究进展

从激波管内水汽瞬态相变实验研究的角度出发，探讨利用激波管理论及实验技术应用于人工影响降雨、消雹所涉及的云雾瞬态相变问题。首先介绍利用激波管研究水汽瞬态相变的概况，并介绍一些特殊激波管及实验状态的控制。然后介绍激波管内水汽相变过程研究的测试原理及方法。最后讨论在研究爆炸方法进行人工降雨、消雹和自然闪电、雷击等问题时，应用激波管理论及实验技术进行实验研究爆炸作用于云雾等微物理过程的方法和内容     

Quantifying Arctic contributions to climate predictability in a regional coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere model

The relative importance of regional processes inside the Arctic climate system and the large scale atmospheric circulation for Arctic interannual climate variability has been estimated with the help of a regional Arctic coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere model. The study focuses on sea ice and surface climate during the 1980s and 1990s. Simulations agree reasonably well with observations. Correlations between the winter North Atlantic Oscillation index and the summer Arctic sea ice thickness and summer sea ice extent are found. Spread of sea ice extent within an ensemble of model runs can be associated with a surface pressure gradient between the Nordic Seas and the Kara Sea. Trends in the sea ice thickness field are widely significant and can formally be attributed to large scale forcing outside the Arctic model domain. Concerning predictability, results indicate that the variability generated by the external forcing is more important in most regions than the internally generated variability. However, both are in the same order of magnitude. Local areas such as the Northern Greenland coast together with Fram Straits and parts of the Greenland Sea show a strong importance of internally generated variability, which is associated with wind direction variability due to interaction with atmospheric dynamics on the Greenland ice sheet. High predictability of sea ice extent is supported by north-easterly winds from the Arctic Ocean to Scandinavia.