地震计阶跃标定自动处理算法研究

标定是监测运行中的地震计主要技术参数的有效手段,保证了观测数据的产出质量。本文介绍了一种新的地震计阶跃标定算法,旨在提高算法的稳定性和自动化程度,适合计算机自动的,成批的处理标定数据。     

Environmental anomalies in the northeastern East China Sea during the last 3 000 years: implications for El Niño activity in the Holocene

To reconstruct the productivity changes for the last 10 500 a in the northeastern East China Sea (ECS), biogenic compounds (such as carbonate, organic carbon and opal), marine micropaleontological fossils (planktonic foraminifera, benthic foraminifera, radiolarian and silicoflagellate) and the compositional characters of benthic foraminifera fauna analyses were carried out on a sediment core DOC082 obtained from the western slope of Okinawa Trough (29°13.93′N, 128°08.53′E; 1 128 m water depth). The long-term changes of biogenic and micropaleontological proxies display some similarities through the last 10 500 a, which show three different phases: lower values are recorded during the early and middle Holocene (before about 4 000 a BP), followed by an abrupt and remarkable increase at about 4 000 a BP, the late Holocene (after about 3 000 a BP) is characterized by continuously high values. The multi-proxy data of paleoproductivity and percents of benthic foraminifera genera (Uvigerina and Bulimina) show that during the early and middle Holocene (10 500–4 000 a BP) productivity was relatively low with a sudden and distinct increase at about 4 000 a BP, and the late Holocene (3 400–0 a BP) is marked by significantly higher productivity. Also, the radiolarian-based sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a distinct decline in SST in the late Holocene after 3 200 a BP, very different from the early and middle Holocene. For the last 3 000 a, the enhanced biological productivity and distinctly lower SST indicate a major change of oceanographic conditions in the northeastern ECS. These marine environmental anomalies are consistent with other paleoclimatic records for the late Holocene in the Chinese continent and its surrounding regions. After analyzing the mechanisms of modern productivity and SST changes in the northeastern ECS, and based on the climatic anomalies in the Chinese continent and variations in the Kuroshio Current during modern El Niño periods, we suggest that the anomalous environmental conditions in the northeastern ECS may imply intensified El Niño activity during the late Holocene.     

Pathways of mesoscale variability in the South China Sea

The propagation of oceanic mesoscale signals in the South China Sea (SCS) is mapped from satellite altimetric observations and an eddy-resolving global ocean model by using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method. Significant mesoscale signals propagate along two major bands of high variability. The northern band is located west of the Luzon Strait, characterized by southwestward eddy propagation. Although eddies are the most active in winter, their southwestward migrations, steered by bathymetry, occur throughout the year. Advection by the mean flow plays a secondary role in modulating the propagating speed. The southern eddy band lies in the southwest part of the SCS deep basin and is oriented in an approximately meridional direction. Mesoscale variability propagates southward along the band in autumn. This southward eddy pathway could not be explained by mean flow advection and is likely related to eddy detachments from the western boundary current due to nonlinear effects. Our mapping of eddy propagation velocities provides important information for further understanding eddy dynamics in the SCS.     

Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures

<正>A theoretical model of a friction pendulum system(FPS) is introduced to examine its application for the seismic isolation of spatial lattice shell structures.An equation of motion of the lattice shell with FPS bearings is developed.Then, seismic isolation studies are performed for both double-layer and single-layer lattice shell structures under different seismic input and design parameters of the FPS.The influence of frictional coefficients and radius of the FPS on seismic performance are discussed.Based on the study,some suggestions for seismic isolation design of lattice shells with FPS bearings are given and conclusions are made which could be helpful in the application of FPS.     

基于PS-InSAR的输电塔结构及沿线地质监测技术

我国电力建设发展迅速,电力输送设施建设通常会跨越恶劣地质条件区域,这些区域易发生地质灾害,从而引起输电铁塔基础结构产生形变,严重威胁高压输电线路的运行安全.本文使用合成孔径雷达影像,应用永久散射体差分干涉测量(PS-InSAR)技术对高压输电塔结构及其沿线地表进行形变监测.使用相干系数阈值法来确定研究区域的永久散射体点...     

基于结构化场景的单幅图像建筑物三维重建

针对无法利用激光扫描或多张图像实现三维重建的已损或不复存在的建筑,本文提出了一种基于结构化场景的单张图像建筑物三维重建方法。该方法先基于RANSAC算法及最小距离法分别解算灭点直线和灭点;然后基于平行平面、包含平行信息的任意平面和包含垂直信息的任意平面的平面模型解算三维坐标。本文以现存某高校图书馆为例,重建了三维模型,并分析了模型精度。结果表明,重建误差最小为0,最大为5.8%,模型整体精度在1.9%左右,符合三维重建精度要求。在四川省白鹿领报修院教堂的三维重建应用中,建立了已损建筑物的三维模型,获得了较好的重建效果。该方法适用于包含平行、垂直、灭点和平面结构的建筑物场景,可得到建筑物三维几何线框模型,几何细节采用纹理映射替代,可应用于现存建筑和文化遗存遗址的三维重建。     

顾及地貌结构特征的黄土沟头提取及分析

沟头是黄土地貌中发育最活跃的地貌部位,沟头的个体与群体对黄土沟间地的蚕食,成为监测黄土高原地面侵蚀演化的重要标识。有效获取并分析沟头的空间分布特征,对于系统、深入地研究黄土地貌的空间形态结构具有重要的意义。以陕北黄土高原典型地貌类型区为实验样区,设计并实现了基于5 m分辨率DEM的沟头提取算法,获取了各实验样区的沟头空间信息;运用点格局分析方法,分析了沟头的空间分布特征。实验结果显示,所提出顾及沟沿线的沟头自动提取方法,具有较好的合理性与精确性;同时,从黄土塬区、黄土残塬区到黄土丘陵沟壑区,随着沟壑发育程度的增强,沟头逐步逼近分水线,其空间分布呈现“远分水线聚集—随机—近分水线聚集”的变化格局。     

我国地震防灾减灾科普教育的瓶颈及对策分析

地震灾害已经成为影响我国经济发展和社会安全的重要因素,我国防震减灾事业存在很多难以快速解决的问题,因此在当前的基本国情下,加强地震防灾减灾科普教育,提高群众防灾避险意识和能力,对缓解地震中人员伤亡有着非常重要的作用。本文就地震防灾减灾工作中,地震防灾减灾科普教育的重要性,以及现阶段我国地震防灾减灾科普教育存在的问题,进行了分析和探讨;并针对上述问题,提出了相应的对策。     

沙三中亚期东营三角洲前缘滑塌浊积岩定量预测

东营凹陷沙三中亚段广泛发育三角洲-浊积体系沉积。根据砂层组沉积的垂向变化特征,将沙三中亚段沉积时期东营三角洲自上而下划分为1～9期次,自东向西向湖盆中心进积。与三角洲有关的前缘浊积体包括滑动浊积岩、滑塌浊积岩及远源浊积岩3种类型,其中滑塌浊积岩发育的规模、数目最为稳定,是前缘浊积体定量研究的重要类型。笔者采用控制变量的方法对单因素关系进行探讨,进而分析多因素综合关系,对沙三段中亚段沉积时期东营三角洲前缘浊积体进行定量研究,从而探讨三角洲沉积结构与前缘滑塌浊积体发育的定量关系。研究发现,三角洲沉积结构特征(三角洲前缘地层厚度H、砂岩百分含量x等)、浊积岩滑移距离s以及三角洲前缘斜坡坡角的大小α,可以定量地确定,并且三角洲前缘滑塌浊积体发育的厚度h与前缘厚度H、前缘砂岩百分含量x成正相关,与浊积体滑移距离s呈负相关,并且得到预测三角洲前缘浊积体厚度h的数学模型。     

Chemical indexes of Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks from Liaohe Group,North China Craton:Implications for paleoclimate and provenance

Paleoproterozoic supracrustal materials have been widely identified in North China Craton, such as the Liaohe-, Hutuo-and Lyuliang groups. The Liaohe Group in the eastern part of the North China Craton is dominated by deformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and volcanic successions. Compared with that of the coeval volcanic rocks, geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks from the Liaohe Group has rarely been studied in detail, which can possibly provide information on the paleoclimate and provenance. The authors analyzed the whole-rock and detrital zircon geochemistry of sedimentary rocks from the Liaohe Group against a uniform process and proposed their different ways of paleoweathering of the lower and upper formations. That is to say, although the lower and upper formations within the Liaohe Group might be derived from the similar source composition in a tectonically active setting, the paleoclimate that they experienced was not exactly the same. The predominant derivations are the Paleoproterozoic granitoids and basalts within the Liaohe Group, with minor input of Archean continental crust. This study highlights the contributions of the Paleoproterozoic mafic sources, which has been generally overlooked in the previous researches.