森林生物量遥感估算与应用分析

遥感图像光谱信息具有良好的综合性和现势性,利用遥感信息和GIS技术进行森林生物量估算及碳过程的研究已经成为一种全新的手段。本文对森林生物量遥感估算方法及其应用进行了深入分析,总结了利用遥感信息进行森林生物量估算的四种主要方法:遥感信息参数与生物量拟合关系的方法、遥感数据与过程模型融合的方法、基准样地法(KNN方法)以及人工神经网络模型方法,并在此基础上分析了当前该领域研究的不足,以及今后利用遥感方法进行森林生物量估算的主要发展方向。     

航空重力测量中垂直扰动加速度误差模型的建立与分析

根据GPS确定垂直扰动加速度的误差特性,建立了合适的垂直扰动加速度的误差模型。通过对计算结果的分析,提出了航空重力测量中,在重力通频带内,垂直扰动加速度误差可当作一种有色噪声来处理的新观点。并且根据误差模型,给出了滤波截止频率的相应取值以及GPS定位精度指标。     

Impacts of land use and climate change on regional net primary productivity

Combined with recent historical climate data and two periods of land use data sets from remote sensing data, we test the net primary productivity (NPP) data sets in North China modelled by the satellite data-driven Global Production Efficiency Model (GLO-PEM) for detecting the widespread spatial and temporal characteristics of the impacts of climate and land use change on the regional NPP. Our results show that over the past 20 years, the mean annual temperature in the study region has remarkably increased by more than 0.064 oC, but over the same period, there has been a 1.49 mm decrease in annual precipitation and decrease in NPP by an annual rate of 6.9 TgC. The NPP changes in the study region were greatly affected by the average temperature and precipitation by ten-day periods as well as the seasonal temperature and precipitation in the study region. The correlation between seasonal NPP and seasonal precipitation and temperature is highly consistent with land cover spatially, and the correlation coefficient changes with the changes of vegetation types. The analysis reveals that the related areas in land use change only take up 5.45% of the whole studied region, so the climate changes dominate the impacts on the NPP in the whole study region (90% of the total). However, land use plays an absolute dominative role in areas with land cover changes, accounting for 97% of the total. From 1981 to 2000, the NPP in the whole study region remarkably reduced due to obvious precipitation decrease and temperature rise. Between two periods of land use (about 10 years), the changes in climate are predicted to promote a decrease in NPP by 78 (±0.6) TgC, and integrated impacts of climate changes and land use to promote a decrease in NPP by 87(±0.8) TgC.     

Vegetation and soil carbon storage in China

This study estimated the current vegetation and soil carbon storage in China using a biogeochemical model driven with climate, soil and vegetation data at 0.5° latitude-longitude grid spatial resolution. The results indicate that the total carbon storage in China's vegetation and soils was 13.33 Gt C and 82.65 Gt C respectively, about 3% and 4% of the global total. The nationally mean vegetation and soil carbon densities were 1.47 kg C/m2 and 9.17 kg C/m2, respectively, differing greatly in various regions affected by climate, vegetation, and soil types. They were generally higher in the warm and wet Southeast China and Southwest China than in the arid Northwest China; whereas vegetation carbon density was the highest in the warm Southeast China and Southwest China, soil carbon density was the highest in the cold Northeast China and southeastern fringe of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. These spatial patterns are clearly correlated with variations in the climate that regulates plant growth and soil organi     

康定台水平摆倾斜仪对几次中强地震的短临异常反映

康定地震台位于四川鲜水河、龙门山、安宁河交汇处附近,金属水平摆倾斜仪投入观测的十几年间,对台址周围200公里范围内Ms大于5.5级和300公里范围内Ms大于6.0级的地震均有不同程度的反映,特别是对鲜水河断裂带上的几次中强地震反映较好,似乎可认为该台属地震地倾斜前兆观测的“敏感点”。目前,该台的地倾斜观测是监视四川地区地震活动的重要手段之一。     

山东滕州西公桥遗址人骨的稳定同位素分析

文章应用稳定同位素C和N分析的方法,研究了山东滕州大汶口文化时期西公桥遗址先民的食谱,试图揭示该遗址先民生活方式、社会经济结构的变化。总体而言,该遗址样品保存较差,骨中骨胶原的含量较低,以C/N摩尔比作为标准,仅有8个样品属于未污染样品,可用作食谱分析。对样品进行稳定同位素C和N分析,结果表明:该遗址先民均为稻、粟混食,但在肉食资源获取上有所不同。以C₃为主的先民,具有较低的^δ15N;而以C₄类为主的先民,^δ15N值较高。在该遗址的发展过程中,人们的食物结构发生了一定的变化。