沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）7种植物总DNA提取方法的改进及鉴定

 摸索沙拐枣属（Calligonum L.）七种植物沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. ）、泡果沙拐枣（C. junceum (Fisch. et Mey.) Endl.）、无叶沙拐枣（C. aphyllum (Pall.) Gürke）、红果沙拐枣（C. rubicundum Bge.）、心形沙拐枣（C. cordatum E. Kor. ex N. Pavl.）、密刺沙拐枣(C. densum Borszcz.)、乔木状沙拐枣（C. arborescens Litv.）的总DNA提取方法并对DNA样品的纯度和浓度进行鉴定,对传统的CTAB法进行方法和材料的改进,开展与总DNA相关的PCR扩增和其他遗传学分析,并取得满意的结果。其结果对于沙拐枣属植物的有关研究提供了有效的实验手段。     

渤海、黄海、东海水温垂直结构统计特征分析

渤海、黄海与东海的水温垂直结构呈现陆架浅海特有的水文特征，其分布与变化甚为复杂。几十年来，虽然中外海洋学家曾对这些海区水文要素的分布及其变异作过大量研究，但是，关于水温垂直结构各特征值较系统的分析研究则始于六十年代初期，毛汉礼等根据一年观测资料(1958-1959)作了较全面的阐述。但是这些资料多数是用颠倒温度表观测，少数为深度温度计(BT)观测；并且研究海区限千124°E以西。本文试图分析研究近年来渤海、黄海与东海水温垂直结构各特征值的统计特性；研究海区有了较大的扩展：黄海至124°30''E；东海至127°E。 文中引用国家海洋局1975一1980年间BT观测资料，共计166个观测站，累积约七千余个BT片资料。     

高分辨率青藏高原历史月降水数据重建

青藏高原对全球气候研究具有重要意义,而降水数据对水文、气象和生态等领域的研究也至关重要,且随着研究内容和尺度的变化,对高时空分辨率的历史降水数据的需求越发迫切。本文基于TRMM 3B43降水数据,采用随机森林算法,引入归一化植被指数(AVHRR NDVI)、高程(SRTM DEM)、坡度、坡向、经度、纬度6个地理因子,建立历史降水重建模型,获得1982-1997年分辨率为0.0833°的青藏高原年降水数据,然后根据比例系数法计算出月降水数据。为提高精度,利用站点数据对月降水数据进行校正。结果表明,该方法能简单有效地获得高时空分辨率的历史降水数据,决定系数R²大部分在0.4~0.9之间,平均值为0.6767,其中夏季效果最好,冬季效果最差;均方根误差RMSE和平均绝对误差MAE均在50 mm以下,RMSE均值为22.66 mm,MAE均值为15.97 mm;偏差Bias较小,基本在0.0~0.1之间。     

Experimental study of nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves

Nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves were experimentally investigated in the present study. The experiments were carried out for 6 different wave heights and 6 different wave periods to cover a relatively wide range of wave nonlinearities. A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to capture the real-time motion of the floating body. The measurement data show that the sway, heave and roll motions of the floating body are all harmonic oscillations while the equilibrium position of the sway motion drifts in the wave direction. The drift speed is proportional to wave steepness when the size of the floating body is comparable to the wavelength, while it is proportional to the square of wave steepness when the floating body is relatively small. In addition, the drift motion leads to a slightly longer oscillation period of the floating body than the wave period of nonlinear wave and the discrepancy increases with the increment of wave steepness.     

三角洲前缘岸滩对河流来沙减少响应的敏感性探讨——以长江口门区崇明岛向海侧岸滩为例

利用ArcGIS对1977—2004年不同时段的长江口崇明岛向海侧水下地形测量资料进行处理,并结合该区的潮滩历史遥感图片、现场高程测量以及同期大通站输沙率资料,探讨三角洲前缘岸滩冲淤演变对河流来沙减少响应的敏感性。结果表明:研究区岸滩的淤涨速率总体上在年代以上时间尺度随着长江来沙减少而下降,但由于局部滩—槽演变和海洋动力条件的影响,某些年代内和某些部位可能出现相反的趋势,使岸滩演变对河流来沙减少的响应变得复杂化。在此基础上预测今后几十年研究区的冲淤趋势。     

吕宋冷涡时空特征概况

本文在收集南海以及台湾周边海域1900~2004年共105a的海洋调查资料,按0.5°×0.5°网格进行温盐计算统计分析,制作了逐月平面、断面分布图的基础上,参考相关文献和海洋水文图集,阐明了吕宋冷涡的空间、季节特点及其变化规律。中尺度涡对海洋科学、舰艇航行及国防建设等都有重要的学术意义和实际应用意义。     

Reverse-Time Migration of Converted S-Waves of Varying Densities

Ocean-Bottom Node(OBN) acquisitions provide both non-converted and converted reflection energy. There is a clear advantage to independently imaging both P-and S-waves, as they provide more information collectively than either does alone. In many conventional converted-wave pre-stack migration algorithms, density is treated as a constant, which is not the real-life case on earth. S-wave velocity and density information is crucial for hydrocarbon detection because it helps in the identification of porefilling fluids. In this paper, we focused on the effect of density on imaging, and developed a method of reverse-time migration(RTM) on converted s-waves of varying densities(VD-RTMCS). Phase correction was required prior to pre-stack migration to avoid constructive interference between data from adjacent sources. Synthetic data examples showed that when density variations were included, image profiles showed advantages in signal-to-noise ratio, vertical resolution and imaging of complex structures.     

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原子掺杂对单元材料结晶能力的影响

2009年我们建立了一个凝结势模型用以预测材料形成单晶体的能力,表明单元体材料(Ni,Al,Cu,Ar,Mg)的结晶能力随凝结势的增大而单调增强.本文将凝结势模型应用于二元材料体系,并结合分子动力学模拟研究了6% Al原子掺杂对于Ni单晶材料结晶能力的影响.模拟结果发现,Al元素的掺杂会大大减弱Ni单晶的结晶能力,在此基础上提出了二元材料体系凝结势的定义,表明凝结势模型可广泛应用于预测二元体材料的结晶能力.