沉积岩的一种各向异性模型

给出了沉积岩的一种各向异性模型。用一个各向异性参数描述这类材料的固有各向异性，各向异性参数和单轴抗压强度是一个分布函数，其分布用一个微结构张量和加载方向表示。建立了一个描述各向异性沉积岩变形过程的全塑性模型。用该模型对这一些三轴试验进行了模拟，结果表明该模型能有效地描述沉积岩的固有各向异性。     

海潮负荷对自由核章动参数拟合的影响

基于武汉基准台超导重力仪重力潮汐观测资料 ,利用根据不同海潮模型获得的负荷重力改正值对观测数据作海潮改正 ,拟合了地球自由核章动 ( FCN)共振参数。结果表明 FCN的本征周期为 435 .2恒星日 ,品质因子为 4730 ,复共振强度为 ( - 6.34× 1 0 - 4,- 0 .0 9× 1 0 - 4)°/h。不同的海潮模型对 FCN本征周期和共振强度实部计算结果的影响很小 ,差异分别不超过± 1 .6%和± 7.7% ,对品质因子 Q值和共振强度虚部拟合结果的影响非常显著。基于 Ori96全球海潮模型得到的重力改正值可以很好地解释武汉基准台周日重力潮汐观测残差。     

Effects of land-surface heterogeneity upon surface fluxes and turbulent conditions

Summary In this paper, we examine the effects of land-surface heterogeneity on the calculation of surface-energy and momentum fluxes in a meso-scale atmospheric model. A series of numerical experiments has been carried out with a combination of different resolutions for the atmosphere and the land surface, which allows an examination of the aggregation and dynamic effects associated with land-surface heterogeneity. The numerical results show that for a given atmospheric model resolution, increased land-surface resolution leads to better estimates of surface-energy and momentum fluxes, and for a given land-surface resolution, increased atmospheric model resolution also improves the estimates of these fluxes. This latter result contradicts the prevailing view that subgrid variation in atmospheric data plays only a minor role in estimating the fluxes. It is also shown that subgrid land-surface heterogeneity leads to increased turbulent fluctuations. The responsible mechanisms of this effect are both the subgrid variation of surface-energy fluxes and their impact upon the development of convective cells. It is suggested that subgrid atmospheric motions induced by surface heterogeneity may be an important factor which needs to be considered in subgrid closure schemes for atmospheric models. Received August 28, 2000/Revised June 1, 2001     

大震前地下水位异常与应力异常区

利用井口水位对潮汐应力的响应，分析了含水层对强震孕育过程中应力变化的响应。结果显示，当含水层的瞬时应力变化值大于临界值时，水位的异常图像为阶变形态；当含水层的瞬时应力变化值小于临界值，但某一时段的累计值大于临界值时，水位的异常图像为缓变形态。而水位异常图像出现的上升或下降形态，取决于井孔含水层系统在大震孕育过程的应力调整再积累阶段所处的构造部位。水位震前异常的特征，源于地震孕育过程中应力异常区的形成。     

On arable land changes in Shandong Province and their driving forces

IntroductionAlmost all the provinces and autonomous regions in China have experienced decrease of arable land in the processes of economic development, population growth and urbanization. The situation is more serious in Shandong Province because of the big population and being an agricultural province. From 1949 to 1999, the arable land was decreased by more than 2 million ha in this province accompanied by rapid population growth. The total population in the province in 1999 was twice of t…     

上黑龙江植被覆盖区水系沉积物金异常评价

研究区位于上黑龙江断陷和额尔古纳隆起两个次级构造单元。受断裂构造和岩浆活动的影响 ,Au在岩浆岩、变质岩、沉积岩、火山岩区分布及分配不均匀 ,变化趋势为沉积岩 >变质岩>火山岩 >岩浆岩。Au在水系沉积物中以化学作用形式搬运迁移 ,一般距离为 80 0～ 16 0 0m。金异常产出明显受断裂控制 ,并与燕山期岩浆活动密切相关。异常下限为 3 0× 10 - 9,是Au低背景值区。根据金异常地化特征、地质环境 ,采取水系加密法和土壤剖面法 ,结合路线地质调查 ,查证金异常的存在和追索金异常源     

峰局五矿下组煤带压开采的可行性与建议

峰局五矿是多年开采的老矿。近些年，随着开采深度的不断增加和开采层次的逐渐下移，来自底部岩溶高承压水的威胁日趋严重，实际生产能力逐年下降。下组煤能否开采是关系到矿井生存与发展的大问题。作者根据多年的研究成果和工作实践，就下组煤带压开采的可行性，谈一些看法和建议。     

柴达木盆地CXQ构造油气化探特征及找矿预测

通过在CXQ构造上进行的油气化探结果表明深部拥有油气活动，结合地质构造综合评价认为它具有形成构造圈闭油气藏的条件。为下一步勘探提供了地球化学依据。     

疏松砂岩稠油油藏出砂冷采机理及配套技术研究

稠油出砂冷采技术对地层原油含有溶解气的各类疏松砂岩稠油油藏具有较广泛的适应性，它通过大量砂子的产出和泡沫油的形成，获得较高的原油产量，河南油田于1996年在国内率先开展稠油出砂冷采技术调研及可行性研究，出砂冷采机理及配套工艺技术研究，并于1997年6月进入现场先导试验，矿场试验已展示出明显出砂冷采特征的G4906井，日产油量20t-30t，是常规开采和蒸汽吞吐的10倍和4倍以上，开采成本比蒸汽吞吐降低47%，出砂冷采工业化应用配套技术的形成和应用，将使国内及河南油田稠油资源利用程度进一步提高。     

钻头预合金胎体粉末制备与应用

讨论了预合台体粉末的优点，研究了预合金胎的粉末的制备技术，列举了预合金胎体金刚石钻头的应用效果。