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81.
Summary The mean curvature of the equipotential surface and the vertical gradient of gravity are expressed in terms of a development into a series of spherical harmonics [1, 2, 4], neglecting terms of the order of 10–8. The curvature anomalies have been computed using the satellite data [3]. The symbols used are the same as in [5].Dedicated to 90th Birthday of Professor Frantiek Fiala 相似文献
82.
Burša Milan Kouba Jan Müller Achim Raděj Karel True Scott A. Vatrt Viliam Vojtíšková Marie 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1999,43(1):1-6
Geopotential values W of the mean equipotential surfaces representing the mean ocean topography were computed on the basis of four years (1993 - 1996) TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data: W = 62 636 854.10m
2
s
–2
for the Pacific (P), W = 62 636 858.20m
2
s
–2
for the Atlantic (A), W = 62 636 856.28m
2s–2
for the Indian (I) Oceans. The corresponding mean separations between the ocean levels were obtained as follows: A – P = – 42 cm, I– P = – 22 cm, I – A = 20 cm, the rms errors came out at about 0.3 cm. No sea surface topography model was used in the solution. 相似文献
83.
Milan Stojković Jasna Plavšić Stevan Prohaska Dragutin Pavlović Jovan Despotović 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(3):387-400
ABSTRACTClimate change projections of precipitation and temperature suggest that Serbia could be one of the most affected regions in southeastern Europe. To prepare adaptation measures, the impact of climate changes on water resources needs to be assessed. Pilot research is carried out for the Lim River basin, in southeastern Europe, to predict monthly flows under different climate scenarios. For estimation of future water availability, an alternative approach of developing a deterministic-stochastic time series model is chosen. The proposed two-stage time series model consists of several components: trend, long-term periodicity, seasonality and the stochastic component. The latter is based on a transfer function model with two input variables, precipitation and temperature, as climatic drivers. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency for the observed period 1950–2012 is 0.829. The model is applied for the long-term hydrological prediction under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios for the future time frame 2013–2070. 相似文献
84.
The formation and evolution of a large amplitude MHD perturbation propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field in a perfectly conducting low plasma is studied. The perturbation is generated by an abrupt expansion of the source region. Explicit expressions for the time and the distance needed for the transformation of the perturbation's leading edge into a shock wave are derived. The results are applied to coronal conditions and the dynamic spectra of the radio emission excited by the shock are synthesized, reproducing metric and kilometric type II bursts. The features corresponding to the metric type II burst precursor and the moving type IV burst in the case of kilometric type II bursts are identified. A specific radio signature that is sometimes observed at the onset of a metric type II burst is found to appear immediately before the shock wave formation due to the associated growth of the magnetic field gradient. Time delays and starting frequencies of bursts' onsets are calculated and presented as a function of the impulsiveness of the source-region expansion, using different values of the ambient Alfvén velocity and various time profiles of the expansion velocity. The results are confronted with the observations of metric and kilometric type II solar radio bursts. 相似文献
85.
Milan Burša Jan Kouba Viliam Vatrt Vojtěch Vítek Marie Vojtíšková 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2000,44(1):1-12
The T/P altimeter data 1993 – 1997 (cycles 11 – 194) has been analyzed with emphases on seasonal variations in sea surface topography (SST). The amplitude of the annual variations amounted to (5.9±0.3) mm when inverted barometer (IB) corrections were applied and (2.0±0.4) mm without any IB corrections. The amplitude of the semi-annual variations in SST was small with IB corrections applied: (0.6±0.3) mm. However, when no IB corrections were applied, it was (1.8±0.4) mm, i.e. the semiannual variations are at the same level as the annual variations with no IB corrections. The phase angle offset of the annual term has shifted by about 180° when IB correction was applied. The dynamics of the ocean-atmosphere system is discussed and it is concluded that it could, at least partly, be responsible for the above observed effects. 相似文献
86.
Summary The three-dimensional mesoscale cloud-resolving model ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) was used to investigate the
dispersal of an inert seeding agent within a cumulonimbus (Cb) cloud developing from two different initial states. In this
paper, we stress the influence vortices in the cloud have on seeding agent dispersion. If a strong directional ambient wind
shear is present in the lowest layer, a vortex pair formed at the flanks of the simulated cloud. Following the velocity field,
a considerable amount of the injected seeding agent would be thrown out to the rear of the cloud, where both updrafts associated
with vortices and downdrafts occurred. After a short time the agent was present only in the cloud periphery. If the Cb cloud
developed under conditions where directional ambient wind shear did not exist, seeding agent dispersion would be quite different.
In this case, almost all the seeding agent was transported into the main updraft, while the residence time of the agent within
the cloud was longer due to the weaker cloud dynamics. Therefore, we must pay attention to whether or not the cloud contains
vortices when we make the decision where to seed. This is necessary in order to minimize the loss of seeding material. 相似文献
87.
K. Pandžić I. Šimunić F. Tomić S. Husnjak T. Likso D. Petošić 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2006,85(1-2):107-115
Summary This paper presents an the evaluation of three mathematical models for the estimation of 10-day drain discharge using weather, pedological and phenological parameters. One model uses modified Palmer’s procedure for the calculation of
water balance components and the second two use empirical multiple linear regression. The models have been applied to data
of an amelioration experimental field in central Croatia (south-western part of the Pannonian Lowland), where a set of average
10-day air temperature and relative humidity data, average wind speed, cumulative precipitation and drain discharge amounts,
insolation and soil moisture data and vegetation indices have been collected. The experiment has been performed during the
period 1990–1992. The models have been tested by comparing estimated and observed 10-day drain discharge amounts. All models
mainly give acceptable cumulative results although their accuracy depends on the season. 相似文献
88.
Summary “Koshava” is a gusty wind of changeable intensity, blowing from a south-easterly direction, over Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria.
It is caused by the interaction between the synoptic circulation and the orography of the Carpathian and the Balkan mountains.
This paper analyzes wind data measured at the Belgrade-Observatory during the longest period of consecutive days of “Koshava”
which occurred from 14 January to 13 February 1972. Mean hourly wind speed data has been examined using spectral analysis.
The power spectra are calculated using autocorrelation spectral analysis, the multi-taper method and wavelet transform. The
maximum of which is about 122 h (5 days) corresponds to the time span of synoptic processes. 相似文献
89.
CUTLASS Finland radar observations of the ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and the resulting plasma flows 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The CUTLASS Finland radar has been run in a two-beam special scan mode, which offered excellent temporal and spatial information on the flows in the high-latitude ionosphere. A detailed study of one day of this data revealed a convection reversal boundary (CRB) in the CUTLASS field of view (f.o.v) on the dayside, the direction of plasma flow either side of the boundary being typical of a dawn-cell convection pattern. Poleward of the CRB a number of pulsed transients are observed, seemingly moving away from the radar. These transients are identified here as the ionospheric signature of flux transfer events (FTEs). Equatorward of the CRB continuous backscatter was observed, believed to be due to the return flow on closed field lines. The two-beam scan offered a new and innovative opportunity to determine the size and velocity of the ionospheric signatures associated with flux transfer events and the related plasma flow pattern. The transient signature was found to have an azimuthal extent of 1900 ± 900 km and an poleward extent of 250 km. The motion of the transient features was in a predominantly westward azimuthal direction, at a velocity of 7.5 ± 3 km. 相似文献
90.
The paper is concerning with the light curve analysis of an active binary system of OO Aql. Basic orbital and physical parameters of this system were estimated by analysing photometric observations by Lafta and Grainger (1985) and Essam et al. (1992). Both groups of observations gave quite different light curves with a conspicuous asymmetry arising from unequal height of successive maxima. A slightly changed programme by Djuraevi (1992a) was applied. The programme was based on the Roche model and it included an option of overcontact configuration and active (bright or dark) spotted regions on the system's components. An inverse-problem method by Djuraevi (1992b) was used to estimate the parameters of the system and active regions. The light-curve analysis suggested a significant change in the system. For Lafta and Grainger's light curves our analysis showed the presence of a dark spotted area near the polar region of the primary component. This dark area covered about 22% of the primary's hemisphere. Essam et al.'s light curves had very complex shape. In this case the mechanism of the mass transfer and the exchange of the thermal energy between the components could produce a bright-spot (bs) area on the secondary, near the Lagrange equilibrium point L1 around the neck region between the stars. To explain a sharp increase of the system's brightness in the B filter immediately after the secondary minimum, we had to introduce also a hot-spot (hs) area of a high temperature contrast on the secondary. With the increase of the brightness in the V-filter being of much lower intensity, this hot spot region could be taken as a local eruption. The behaviour of the B–V colour index with the orbital phase is in favour of this hypothesis also. The obtained results show that the light-curve changes are due to development and moving of active spot regions on the components. 相似文献