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71.
Tsutomu Ota Atsushi Utsunomiya Yuko Uchio Yukio Isozaki Mikhail M. Buslov Akira Ishikawa Shigenori Maruyama Koki Kitajima Yoshiyuki Kaneko Hiroshi Yamamoto Ikuo Katayama 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,30(5-6):666-695
The Gorny Altai region in southern Siberia is one of the key areas in reconstructing the tectonic evolution of the western segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). This region features various orogenic elements of Late Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic age, such as an accretionary complex (AC), high-P/T metamorphic (HP) rocks, and ophiolite (OP), all formed by ancient subduction–accretion processes. This study investigated the detailed geology of the Upper Neoproterozoic to Lower Paleozoic rocks in a traverse between Gorno-Altaisk city and Lake Teletskoy in the northern part of the region, and in the Kurai to Chagan-Uzun area in the southern part. The tectonic units of the studied areas consist of (1) the Ediacaran (=Vendian)–Early Cambrian AC, (2) ca. 630 Ma HP complex, (3) the Ediacaran–Early Cambrian OP complex, (4) the Cryogenian–Cambrian island arc complex, and (5) the Middle Paleozoic fore-arc sedimentary rocks. The AC consists mostly of paleo-atoll limestone and underlying oceanic island basalt with minor amount of chert and serpentinite. The basaltic lavas show petrochemistry similar to modern oceanic plateau basalt. The 630 Ma HP complex records a maximum peak metamorphism at 660 °C and 2.0 GPa that corresponds to 60 km-deep burial in a subduction zone, and exhumation at ca. 570 Ma. The Cryogenian island arc complex includes boninitic rocks that suggest an incipient stage of arc development. The Upper Neoproterozoic–Lower Paleozoic complexes in the Gorno-Altaisk city to Lake Teletskoy and the Kurai to Chagan-Uzun areas are totally involved in a subhorizontal piled-nappe structure, and overprinted by Late Paleozoic strike-slip faulting. The HP complex occurs as a nappe tectonically sandwiched between the non- to weakly metamorphosed AC and the OP complex. These lithologic assemblages and geologic structure newly documented in the Gorny Altai region are essentially similar to those of the circum-Pacific (Miyashiro-type) orogenic belts, such as the Japan Islands in East Asia and the Cordillera in western North America. The Cryogenian boninite-bearing arc volcanism indicates that the initial stage of arc development occurred in a transient setting from a transform zone to an incipient subduction zone. The less abundant of terrigenous clastics from mature continental crust and thick deep-sea chert in the Ediacaran–Early Cambrian AC may suggest that the southern Gorny Altai region evolved in an intra-oceanic arc-trench setting like the modern Mariana arc, rather than along the continental arc of a major continental margin. Based on geological, petrochemical, and geochronological data, we synthesize the Late Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic tectonic history of the Gorny Altai region in the western CAOB. 相似文献
72.
Catherine Lalande Jacqueline M. Grebmeier Paul Wassmann Lee W. Cooper Mikhail V. Flint Valentina M. Sergeeva 《Continental Shelf Research》2007
Drifting sediment traps were deployed at 9 stations in May-June (ice-covered conditions) and July-August (ice-free conditions) 2004 in the Chukchi Sea to investigate the variability in export fluxes of biogenic matter in the presence and absence of sea ice cover. Measurements of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate nitrogen (PN), phytoplankton, zooplankton fecal pellets, and the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of the sinking material were performed along Barrow Canyon (BC) and a parallel shelf-to-basin transect from East Hanna Shoal (EHS) to the Canada Basin. POC export fluxes were similarly high in the presence (378±106 mg C m−2 d−1) and in the absence of ice cover (442±203 mg C m−2 d−1) at the BC stations, while fluxes were significantly higher in the absence (129±98 mg C m−2 d−1) than in the presence of ice cover (44±29 mg C m−2 d−1) at the EHS stations. The C/N ratios and δ13C values of sinking organic particles indicated that POC export fluxes on the Chukchi continental shelf were mostly composed of freshly produced labile material, except at the EHS stations under ice cover where the exported matter was mostly composed of refractory material probably advected into the EHS region. Chl-a fluxes were higher under ice cover than in ice-free water, however, relatively low daily loss rates of Chl-a and similar phytoplankton carbon fluxes in ice-covered and ice-free water suggest the retention of phytoplankton in the upper water column. An increase in fecal pellet carbon fluxes in ice-free water reflected higher grazing pressure in the absence of ice cover. Elevated daily loss rates of POC at the BC stations confirmed other indications that Barrow Canyon is an important area of carbon export to the basin and/or benthos. These results support the conclusion that there are large spatial and temporal variations in export fluxes of biogenic matter on the Chukchi continental shelf, although export fluxes may be similar in the presence and in the absence of ice cover in highly productive regions. 相似文献
73.
The semi-diurnal tides are amplified and distorted as they propagate into the Pertuis Breton, a semi-enclosed shallow basin in the north-eastern part of Bay of Biscay, in France. This paper investigates the influence of bottom friction on amplification and phase lag of the tidal constituent M2 and its overtide M4 in the Pertuis Breton. A fine resolution two-dimensional (2D) numerical model is implemented to simulate tidal propagation. The model solves the depth-averaged shallow-water equations on a finite element grid using the TELEMAC 2D software. A two-zone parameterisation of friction coefficient is introduced to evaluate the impact of smooth mud flats on the tidal asymmetry and amplification in the Pertuis. Fitting the model to observed amplitudes and phases of M2 and M4 evaluates the decrease of Chezy friction coefficient from the mud flats to the rest of the Pertuis as 100:60. This conclusion is supported by the direct estimation based on morphology and composition of sea bed in the Pertuis Breton. 相似文献
74.
An Open Source C++ inversion framework for magnetic interpretation, including UXO applications, has been developed. The point dipole model is used to approximate a small magnetic object. However, alternative object models can be easily accommodated. Input data can be presented in a variety of formats and physical units including, but not limited to, profiles of the total magnetic field, uniform data grids, random data points, magnetic gradients, and finite magnetic difference measurements. Well-established external numerical optimization software modules such as the SLATEC (Common Mathematical Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory) package are used to solve numerical problems. Other software modules can easily be incorporated as they become available. Some practical examples of the application of the framework using total field data and vertical total field gradient data from a UXO test range are presented. We have decided to “open-source” the toolkit. It can be downloaded without charge under GNU Public License via anonymous FTP from ftp://geom.geometrics.com/pub/mag/Software/magtoolkit-1.0.zip. 相似文献
75.
Joseph Sidky Mikhail 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1970,2(2):167-201
The four colour photometric observations of 15 regions of the lunar surface are reported in this paper. They all confirm the reddening with increasing phase. Observed regions at wide range of phase show an appreciable colour opposition effect. Reddening factors obtained, are larger near full Moon, and smaller at larger phase angles. 相似文献
76.
77.
Ice cores contain an abundance of information about the Earth''s climate in the past,and recovered from shallow drilling down to 300--350 m give sufficient information for reconstructing of the last climatic chan- ges and for monitoring of pollution from human being. Cable-suspended core auger drills use an armored cable with a winch to provide power to the down-hole motor system and to retrieve the down-hole unit. Because of their lightweight,convenient transportation and installation,high penetration rates and low power consumption, core auger drills are widely used for shallow drilling in ice. Nowadays at least 14 types of auger electromechani- cal drills were designed and tested in different foreign and national glaciological laboratories. However,auger options were usually determined by experience,and the main parameters (helix angle of the fights and rotational speed) are varied in a wide range from drill to drill. If parameters of auger are not chosen properly,poorly en- gineered drills had troubles with low efficiency of cuttings transportation,jam of ice cuttings,repeated fragmen- tation,cutters icing and stop penetration,abnormal power consumption,high rotation torques,and so on. Thus,this paper presents the method of optimization of ice cuttings transportation of cable-suspended core auger drill on the base of the theory of rotary auger. As the result,the optimal helix angle was determined correspond- ing to the rotational speed from the transportation efficiency point of view. 相似文献
78.
Ruben Buaba Abdollah Homaifar Mohamed Gebril Eric Kihn Mikhail Zhizhin 《Earth Science Informatics》2011,4(1):17-28
This paper presents the use of the Low Memory Locality Sensitive Hashing (LMLSH) technique operating in Euclidean space to
build a data structure for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite imagery database. The LMLSH technique
finds satellite image matches in sublinear search time. The texture feature vectors of the images are extracted using pyramid-structured
wavelet transform coupled with Gaussian central moment technique. These feature vectors and families of hash functions, drawn
randomly and independently from a Gaussian distribution, are used to build hash tables. Given a query, the hash tables are
used to pull out the best matches to that query and this is done in a sublinear search time complexity. When tested, our algorithm
has proven to be approximately twenty six times faster than the Linear Search (LS) algorithm. In addition, the LMLSH algorithm searches about two percent of the entire
database randomly to find the possible matches to any given query without loss of accuracy compared to the absolute best matches
returned by its LS counterpart. 相似文献
79.
Hydrogen penetration in water through porous medium: application to a radioactive waste storage site
Hydrogen penetration in water through porous medium was analyzed in the paper. A two-phase compositional model approach was
considered. The first part of the work deals with the thermodynamic analysis of the hydrogen–water system. The thermodynamic
model was calibrated using the experimental data of hydrogen solubility in water. The phase densities, viscosities and phase
concentrations were presented in an analytical form. Moreover, the domain of validity of analytical laws—such as Henry’s,
Raoult’s and Kelvin’s laws—for the estimation of phase properties was presented for the analyzed system. The second part deals
with two-phase hydrodynamic behaviors. An analytical solution for the non-compressible flow was constructed. In general case,
the influence of relative permeabilities on the flow regimes was analyzed numerically. The notion pseudo-saturation was introduced
to define phase appearance. Actually, mobile gas created a time displaced front relatively slower than mobile gas flow. Diffusion
becomes really important for low mobile gas case as the penetration accelerates for the large range of saturation. In contrast,
the mass exchange phenomena have a small influence on the flow type. Thus, the regimes of hydrogen penetration in liquid were
shown really sensitive to the relative permeability form. 相似文献
80.
Alexander Boyarchuk Igor Savanov Evgeny Kanev Boris Shustov Mikhail Sachkov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,354(1):247-250
2013 marks the 30th anniversary since the launch of Soviet Spacecraft Astron that had been operated for 6 years as the largest ultraviolet telescope during its lifetime. The Astron orbital station was designed for the astrophysical observations. It was launched into orbit by Proton launch system on March 23, 1983. Astron had a 80 cm ultraviolet telescope with mass of 400 kg and a complex of X-ray spectrographs with mass of 300 kg on board as a payload. It’s high apogee orbit (with apogee 200000 km and perigee 2000 km) permitted the influences of the Earth’s umbra and radiation belts to be excluded from the measurements. The main astrophysical results are summarized in this paper. 相似文献