低浓度硝态氮促进微囊藻累积多聚磷酸盐

2016年以来太湖总磷浓度高位波动而总氮浓度持续下降,藻细胞内源性磷释放是湖泊水体总磷的重要来源,而多聚磷酸盐作为藻细胞内磷的储存库,其含量变化会显著影响藻细胞内源性磷的释放量.针对上述现象,开展了不同硝态氮浓度影响野外水华蓝藻及实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)利用磷特别是合成多...     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠纪最大湖泛期沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征及其物源意义

上三叠统延长组长7沉积时期为鄂尔多斯盆地的最大湖泛期,对陇东地区及盆地周缘古陆的岩石样品进行稀土元素地球化学分析,发现研究区泥岩样品特征与大陆上地壳一致,其稀土元素配分模式与盆地北—东北缘阴山大青山、西南缘陇西古陆、西北缘阿拉善古陆和南缘秦岭的古老岩浆岩和变质岩的稀土元素配分模式基本一致,与东缘吕梁山古老花岗岩则极度不同。研究认为,研究区沉积物源岩主要来自于上地壳,以长英质岩石为主,长7时期周缘古陆均为湖盆提供物源,而吕梁山当时并未隆起,不提供物源。     

死端孔隙对溶质运移影响的实验研究

拖尾分布是溶质运移规律研究的热点和难点。死端孔隙、透镜体等空间结构形成的非均质性以及密度变化产生的指状流会导致溶质运移拖尾分布。论文选择保守性溶质氯化钠作为示踪剂,采用砂柱实验系统地研究了以死端孔隙导致的非均质性以及由不同浓度和温度形成的变密度条件对溶质运移拖尾分布的影响。实验结果表明:死端孔隙的存在会延迟溶质运移穿透曲线出峰时间,降低峰值及出现拖尾分布,随着死端孔隙介质体积或数量的增加这一现象越明显;随着溶液浓度的增加拖尾现象越明显,且温度的升高会加剧这一现象。对比死端孔隙、温度和浓度三者对溶质运移拖尾分布的影响,其中影响最大的是死端孔隙,其次是浓度和温度。     

基于"人-地-网"关系的网络空间要素层次体系建设

网络空间具有高度复杂性,与地理空间交织融合,共同构成人类的活动空间。构建主题完整、层次清晰的网络空间要素层次体系,是绘制网络空间地理图谱、实现网络空间可视化表达的重要基础。本文以网络空间地理学理论为指导,紧密围绕“人-地-网”纽带关系,结合网络安全工作的实战需求,借鉴地理要素指标体系构建方式,提出了包含地理环境层、网络环境层、行为主体层和业务环境层的四层网络空间层次模型,阐述了各层次要素的表达方法与关联途径,以服务于网络资产管理和网络安全防控等业务需求。     

Thinner Sea Ice Contribution to the Remarkable Polynya Formation North of Greenland in August 2018

In August 2018, a remarkable polynya was observed off the north coast of Greenland, a perennial ice zone where thick sea ice cover persists. In order to investigate the formation process of this polynya, satellite observations, a coupled iceocean model, ocean profiling data, and atmosphere reanalysis data were applied. We found that the thinnest sea ice cover in August since 1978(mean value of 1.1 m, compared to the average value of 2.8 m during 1978-2017) and the modest southerly wind caused by a positive North Atlantic Oscillation(mean value of 0.82, compared to the climatological value of-0.02) were responsible for the formation and maintenance of this polynya. The opening mechanism of this polynya differs from the one formed in February 2018 in the same area caused by persistent anomalously high wind. Sea ice drift patterns have become more responsive to the atmospheric forcing due to thinning of sea ice cover in this region.     

The Present Research and Prospect of Chinese Geosciences History

It has been over a hundred years since the birth of research on Chinese geosciences history, which was accompanied by the continuous progress of Chinese geosciences. For hundreds of years, it has grown out of nothing to brilliant performance by several generations of Chinese geologists committing their hearts and minds with the spirit of exert and strive without stop to promote the process of China's industrialization and to produce the significant impact on serving the society. The study of Chinese geosciences history reflects objectively and historically the history of geosciences in China, which has recorded, analyzed and evaluated the dynamic process sitting in the background and clue of the history of Chinese geosciences development. The study of the history of geological science has roughly experienced two stages in China. The first stage is the study of individual researchers. It spanned approximately 70 years from the early 20th century to the end of the 1970s. The research contents were mainly based on the evolution of geological organizations, the development and utilization of individual mineral species, the history of deposit discovery and the research of geological characters. The main representatives are Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang, Weng Wenhao and Li Siguang, Ye Liangfu, Huang Jiqing, Yang Zhongjian, Xie Jiarong, Gao Zhenxi, Wang Bingzhang and etc. The most prominent feature of this period is the accumulation of a very valuable document for the study of the history of China's geological history and lays a foundation for the exchange of geological science between China and foreign countries. The second stage is organized group study. It took around 60 years from the 1920s to 1980s. It includes the history of Chinese geology, the history of geological organizations, the history of geological disciplines, the history of geological education, the history of geological philosophy, the history of Chinese and foreign geological science communication, the history of geologists and etc. The most chief feature of this stage is the birth of academic research institute―the establishment of the Commission on the History of Geology of the Geological Society of China.     

Simulation of Non-Homogeneous CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and Its Impact on Regional Temperature in East Asia

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important greenhouse gas that influences regional climate through disturbing the earth’s energy balance. The CO₂ concentrations are usually prescribed homogenously in most climate models and the spatiotemporal variations of CO₂ are neglected. To address this issue, a regional climate model (RegCM4) is modified to investigate the non-homogeneous distribution of CO₂ and its effects on regional longwave radiation flux and temperature in East Asia. One-year simulation is performed with prescribed surface CO₂ fluxes that include fossil fuel emission, biomass burning, air–sea exchange, and terrestrial biosphere flux. Two numerical experiments (one using constant prescribed CO₂ concentrations in the radiation scheme and the other using the simulated CO₂ concentrations that are spatially non-homogeneous) are conducted to assess the impact of non-homogeneous CO₂ on the regional longwave radiation flux and temperature. Comparison of CO₂ concentrations from the model with the observations from the GLOBALVIEW-CO₂ network suggests that the model can well capture the spatiotemporal patterns of CO₂ concentrations. Generally, high CO₂ mixing ratios appear in the heavily industrialized eastern China in cold seasons, which probably relates to intensive human activities. The accommodation of non-homogeneous CO₂ concentrations in the radiative transfer scheme leads to an annual mean change of–0.12 W m^–2 in total sky surface upward longwave flux in East Asia. The experiment with non-homogeneous CO₂ tends to yield a warmer lower troposphere. Surface temperature exhibits a maximum difference in summertime, ranging from–4.18 K to 3.88 K, when compared to its homogeneous counterpart. Our results indicate that the spatial and temporal distributions of CO₂ have a considerable impact on regional longwave radiation flux and temperature, and should be taken into account in future climate modeling.     

Possible effect of the Tibetan Plateau on the “upstream” climate over West Asia,North Africa,South Europe and the North Atlantic

We conduct several experiments using a fully-coupled climate model to understand the role of Tibetan Plateau (TP) surface heating in the climate variations over West Asia, South Europe, North Africa, and the North Atlantic during summer. Emphasis has been placed on the physical processes and responsible mechanisms that involve the shift of the Hadley cell and the important features of rotational and divergent response of the atmosphere to the TP heating. The relative importance of the TP to the Asian continent is also analyzed. A heating of the TP surface leads to local increases in tropospheric temperature and the thickness of the air column due to the so-called air pumping effect. In the upper troposphere, the South Asian high intensifies and extends westward. To the west of TP, especially in West Asia, South Europe, North Africa, and the North Atlantic, distinguished Rossby wave responses to the TP heating occur with anomalous high pressure and uniform warming in the entire troposphere. Correspondingly, descending motions intensify and precipitation decreases. However, the tropical Sahel rainfall increases because of a northward shift of the Atlantic intertropical convergence zone and the anomalous westerlies due to the weakening of the southeastern portion of the Atlantic subtropical high. These effects of the TP heating explain a remarkable portion of the effects by the Asian continent heating. In addition, the impacts of different magnitudes of TP surface heating are also discussed.

     

Nonlinear radial consolidation of vertical drains under a general time‐variable loading

By incorporating the nonlinear variation of a soil's compressibility and permeability during the process of consolidation, an analytical solution for the radial consolidation of vertical drains has been developed for a general time‐variable loading. The general solution was verified for the cases of instantaneous loading and ramp loading. Detailed solutions were further derived for two special loading schemes: multistage loading and preloading–unloading–reloading. The nonlinear consolidation behavior of a vertical drain subjected to these two types of loading schemes was then investigated by a parametric study. The results show that the loading rate, the ratio of the compressibility index to the permeability index (C_c/C_k), and the initial stress state have a significant influence on the consolidation rate. A smaller value of C_c/C_k, a larger initial stress, or a fast loading rate always leads to a rapid consolidation rate. During the unloading period, a negative excess pore water pressure may occur, and a slower unloading rate may reduce this negative value. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MCARaTS模式的三维云辐射通量模拟分析

云通过辐射反馈机制影响着云系的演变过程,对天气和气候系统起重要的调节作用。目前在研究辐射传输问题时普遍采用基于一维平面平行辐射传输的独立柱近似方法,忽略水平云大气柱之间的辐射传输过程,无法考虑三维云辐射效应,由此造成偏差可能影响天气和气候预报的准确性。为此,该文基于Linux系统,采用MCARaTS模式,基于大涡模拟的大气和地表光学性质参数,通过模拟光子随机路径,得到0.67 μm、2.13 μm、11 μm 3个波段下三维蒙特卡罗辐射传输和独立柱近似的向上反射和向下透射的三维辐射通量以及大气加热率空间分布场,通过Matlab进行数据预处理和图表绘制。三维辐射传输模式考虑了在水平方向上的光子传输,得出的辐射场具有真实的三维辐射现象,比独立柱近似模拟结果具有更高的准确性。