基于小波变换和神经网络的卫星钟差预报分析

目前IGS提供的实时钟差精度不够,事后精密钟差也有13d的延迟,有必要对钟差预报进行研究。文中利用小波神经网络模型进行钟差预报,首先利用小波对原始钟差序列进行分解、降噪,然后利用神经网络进行建模并预报,将得到的结果同灰色模型和二次多项式模型的结果进行对比分析,得出小波神经网络模型可以更好地进行钟差预报的结论。     

Disruption of bacterial balance in the gut of Portunus trituberculatus induced by Vibrio alginolyticus infection

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Gut microbiota impacts the health of crustaceans. Vibrio alginolyticus is a main causative pathogen that induces the vibriosis in farmed swimming crabs,...     

闽台海岸带生境质量时空演变及其影响因素

快速城镇化、工业化背景下对海岸带生境质量进行评估,揭示影响生境变化的关键驱动因子,对于海岸带生态可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以福建东海岸和台湾西海岸（以下合称闽台海岸带）为研究对象,借助1990年、2000年、2010年、2020年的土地利用以及社会经济数据,运用InVEST模型及地理探测器分析土地利用变化下生境质量的时空演变特征及其影响因素,为城市生态空间优化提供可靠的理论依据。结果表明：（1）1990—2020年两岸土地利用变化以建设用地的增长及耕地的减少为主要特征。建设用地2000—2010年面积增长最多,年均增长5.66%。耕地作为建设用地面积最大转入来源,面积共减少1781?km2,年均减少2.55%。土地变化福建东海岸大于台湾西海岸。（2）1990—2020年闽台海岸带生境质量均值为0.82,总体生态质量良好,但呈下降趋势。2000—2010年两岸低等级生境面积增长最快,2010年后增长速度趋缓。生态用地向非生态用地的转移对生境退化的贡献率超过70%。（3）夜间灯光指数、人口密度、GDP、高程、坡度为影响生境质量变化的主要因素,30年间主导因素由地形因素变为社会经济因素。研究为闽台沿海地区陆海土地资源管理提供科学依据,对区域协同发展具有重要意义。     

台风天气条件下地基微波辐射计反演产品精度分析

利用中国气象局上海台风研究所台风试验获取的4个典型台风个例数据,对地基微波辐射计反演的温度、水汽密度廓线与同址GPS探空资料得到的廓线进行对比分析,发现二者的温度、水汽密度相关系数分别为0.988、0.928。微波辐射计的探测精度在不同高度上有很大差异,整体来说,在高层温度探测精度较优于低层,而在低层水汽密度探测精度较优于高层。进一步研究表明,探测水汽密度精度与降水强度存在显著的正相关,而与风速及相对台风位置没有明显的关系。经计算,21组水汽密度廓线均方根误差与对应时段降雨强度的相关系数为0.912。本研究定量化地展示了微波辐射计在台风天气条件下对温度的探测精度相对比较高,且对水汽密度的观测质量有一定的可靠性和可用性,这一研究为今后将微波辐射计用于观测台风、锋面等强对流天气系统的大气温度湿度结构提供可靠性依据。     

台风天气条件下地基微波辐射计反演产品精度分析

利用中国气象局上海台风研究所台风试验获取的4个典型台风个例数据,对地基微波辐射计反演的温度、水汽密度廓线与同址GPS探空资料得到的廓线进行对比分析,发现二者的温度、水汽密度相关系数分别为0.988、0.928。微波辐射计的探测精度在不同高度上有很大差异,整体来说,在高层温度探测精度较优于低层,而在低层水汽密度探测精度较优于高层。进一步研究表明,探测水汽密度精度与降水强度存在显著的正相关,而与风速及相对台风位置没有明显的关系。经计算,21组水汽密度廓线均方根误差与对应时段降雨强度的相关系数为0.912。本研究定量化地展示了微波辐射计在台风天气条件下对温度的探测精度相对比较高,且对水汽密度的观测质量有一定的可靠性和可用性,这一研究为今后将微波辐射计用于观测台风、锋面等强对流天气系统的大气温度湿度结构提供可靠性依据。     

Heterogeneous tide-surge interaction during co-occurrence of tropical and extratropical cyclones in the radial sand ridges of the southern Yellow Sea

The Radial Sand Ridges(RSRs)area in the southern Yellow Sea are subject to tropical and extratropical cyclone activities frequently,in which the special geometry feature and moving stationary tidal system result in complex storm-induced hydrodynamic processes,especially the tide-surge interactions.We studied a rare weather event influenced simultaneously by an extratropical cyclone EX1410 and Typhoon Vongfong as an example to investigate the characteristics of storm surges,wave-surge,and tide-surge interaction in the RSRs area,and applied a high-resolution integrally-coupled ADCIRC+SWAN model,in which the meteorological forcing inputs are simulated by the WRF-ARW model.The model is validated by records from 4 tide gauges and 2 wave buoys along the Yellow Sea coast.Results show that the tide-surge interactions are of considerable regional heterogeneousness.The surge curves at Lüsi(in south RSRs)and Jianggang(in middle RSRs)have abrupt falls near the time of low tide,where the peak occurrence time of interaction residuals tend to shift towards the mid-ebb period.Significant increase of bed shear stress in shallow waters was proved the dominant factor to affect the tide-surge interaction in broad tidal flats of the RSRs area.Differently,the interaction pattern in the Xiyang Trough(in north RSRs),showed a unique rising in mid-flood period due to the phase advances of real surge waves in relatively deep waters.Therefore,we suggested to the local flood risk management that the tide-surge interaction tends to alleviate the flooding risk in the RSRs area around the time of high tide,but aggravate the risk on the rising tide in the Xiyang Trough and on the falling tide in large-scale tidal flats of the southem RSRs area.     

东帝汶岸礁钙质土工程地质分析

岸礁钙质土分布局限,在工程上利用少,缺乏工程地质研究。为了查明岸礁钙质土空间分布、物理力学特征,获得相应的岩土参数,为设计服务,采用现场地质调查、钻探、标准贯入试验和室内物理力学试验等方法,综合分析与研究东帝汶岸礁钙质土地形地貌、空间分布、矿物化学成分、颗粒级配、比重、渗透系数、剪切强度,总结形成了沿岸砂坝、潟湖地貌下,岸礁钙质土特有的物理力学特性。研究表明,东帝汶岸礁钙质土矿物成分主要为文石、方解石,其次为云母和石英,具有独特的物理特征,也有相似于常规石英砂的力学特征,成熟的石英砂原位测试评估岩土参数经验关系可运用于东帝汶岸礁钙质土。东帝汶岸礁钙质土物理力学特性的确定,为相似类型的钙质土岩土工程应用提供了参考依据。     

Viscoacoustic least-squares reverse-time migration of different-order free-surface multiples

Multiples have longer propagation paths and smaller reflection angles than primaries for the same source–receiver combination, so they cover a larger illumination area. Therefore, multiples can be used to image shadow zones of primaries. Least-squares reverse-time migration of multiples can produce high-quality images with fewer artefacts, high resolution and balanced amplitudes. However, viscoelasticity exists widely in the earth, especially in the deep-sea environment, and the influence of Q attenuation on multiples is much more serious than primaries due to multiples have longer paths. To compensate for Q attenuation of multiples, Q-compensated least-squares reverse-time migration of different-order multiples is proposed by deriving viscoacoustic Born modelling operators, adjoint operators and demigration operators for different-order multiples. Based on inversion theory, this method compensates for Q attenuation along all the propagation paths of multiples. Examples of a simple four-layer model, a modified attenuating Sigsbee2B model and a field data set suggest that the proposed method can produce better imaging results than Q-compensated least-squares reverse-time migration of primaries and regular least-squares reverse-time migration of multiples.     

CRA40在中国地区GNSS水汽反演中的适用性评估与分析

基于中国气象局发布的CRA40气象再分析资料,计算地基GNSS水汽反演中涉及气压、气温、大气水汽加权平均温度（T_m）、天顶对流层总延迟（ZTD）等关键参数,并分别以地面气象站（气压、气温）、无线电探空测站（T_m）以及地基GNSS测站（ZTD）为参考,对这些参数在中国地区的精度和可靠性开展了系统的评估.计算结果与欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECWMF）最新一代ERA5产品的计算结果进行比较,结果表明：基于CRA40计算的测站处气压和ZTD的平均RMS（均方根）分别为0.91 hPa和13.5 mm,略差于ERA5;计算的测站处气温和T_m平均RMS分别为2.67 K和1.47 K,略优于ERA5.三类参数（气压、气温、ZTD）的日变化总体趋势与实际观测符合较好.     

The Enrichment Process of Groundwater Fluorine in Sea Water Intrusion Area of Gaomi City,China

A typical area, Gaomi City in China, was chosen to discuss the enrichment process of groundwater fluorine in sea water intrusion area. The groundwater had fluorine levels of 0.09–10.99 mg/L, with an average concentration of 1.38 mg/L. The high-fluorine groundwater was mainly distributed in the unconsolidated Quaternary sediments, where concentrations in 83.6% of the samples exceeded the national limit of 1.0 mg/L. The groundwater in the Quaternary sediments also had higher levels of Cl⁻, TDS, Mg²⁺, and pH and lower levels of Ca²⁺, Co, Ni, and Cu than that in the bedrock. The groundwater fluorine levels in the Quaternary sediments are positively correlated with Cl⁻, TDS, Mg²⁺, pH, and negatively correlated with Ca²⁺, γCa²⁺/γMg²⁺, Co, Ni, Cu. Geochemical indices of Cl⁻ and TDS indicate sea water intrusion in the Quaternary high-fluorine groundwater area (F⁻ > 1.0 mg/L), while they do not indicate any intrusion in the bedrock area. The chemical weathering of minerals was intensified with the intrusion of sea water. Cation exchange was confirmed to occur in the Quaternary sediments and was promoted by sea water intrusion. Cation exchange consumes part of groundwater Ca²⁺ and permits more F⁻ dissolving. Consequently, in the Quaternary sediments, the groundwater was supersaturated with CaF₂ minerals and undersaturated with MgF₂ minerals when F⁻ > 1.0 mg/L, while CaF₂ and MgF₂ minerals both are undersaturated when F⁻ < 1.0 mg/L. Thus, the chemical weathering of minerals and cation exchange caused by sea water intrusion are the crucial processes controlling the groundwater fluorine levels, which should be considered when the groundwater fluorine enrichment mechanism is discussed along coastal zones.