安徽峙门口铜—铁—金—硫矿床地球化学特征

峙门口铜—铁—金—硫矿床发育上部层状矿体和下部脉状矿体。上部层状矿石重晶石的δ~(34)S值为+14.10‰～+18.90‰。上部层状矿石黄铁矿和方铅矿的δ~(34)S值为+3.50‰～+5.84‰,下部脉状矿石黄铁矿的δ~(34)S值为+4.80‰～+6.80‰。下部脉状矿石中脉石英的δ~(18)O值为+14.3‰～+1 8.5‰,δ~(30)Si值为-0.3%0～-0.2‰。下部脉状矿石黄铁矿Re/Os比值为78.342～175.540,上(顶)部层状矿石中黄铁矿Re/Os比值为62.298～169.545。从下部脉状矿石到上部层状矿石,δ~(34)S值、Re/Os比值和流体包裹体温度249 ℃→97 ℃逐渐降低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb平均值和Os_总、Re、~(187)Re等含量逐渐增高。矿石黄铁矿Re-Os同位素等时线年龄303±33 Ma。地质地球化学特征反映峙门口铜—铁—金—硫矿床为海底热水喷流沉积成因。     

防汛异地视频会议系统的安全运行与管理

视频会议系统是在网络技术高速发展背景下产生的又一高科技成果,水利系统依托水利信息网建设了异地视频会议系统,提高了开会效率,节省了办公经费,在防汛抗旱工作中发挥了重要作用.由于视频会议系统应用的及时性、持续性、稳定性等要求非常高,其安全运行与管理至关重要,本文从可靠性保障、安全管理、常见问题处理办法等方面提出了可行的解决方案.     

Features of ferric sulfate precipitates formed by different cultivations of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This study focused on the ferric sulfate precipitates formed during the culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) in a modified 9K medium by applying a potential control on the electrode. X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were carried out to characterize and identify the precipitates which were formed, respectively, in the electrochemical cultivation with a fixed cathode potential (bias-experiment) and in the conventional batch cultivation without cathode potential control (no-bias-experiment). The results indicated that K-jarosite presented in both experiments while NH₄-jarosite and schwertmannite were only found in the no-bias-experiment. The formation of different precipitates could be attributed to the different growth statuses and rates of A. ferrooxidans and the different concentrations of Fe³⁺. In the bias-experiment, external electrons reproduced Fe²⁺ and promoted the growth of A. ferrooxidans, thus resulting in the low Fe³⁺ concentration and the rapid depletion of NH₄ ⁺ as the nitrogen source, in which K-jarosite was preferentially formed. In the no-bias-experiment, the lower concentration of A. ferrooxidans was observed, which was due to the continuous consumption of Fe²⁺ by bacteria, thus resulting in the relatively higher Fe³⁺ and the NH₄ ⁺ concentration in culture. The high concentration of Fe³⁺ favored the precipitation of the solid solution of K-NH₄-H₃O jarosite, and led to the formation of schwertmannite after K⁺ and NH₄ ⁺ were depleted.     

基于贝叶斯网络的地下水环境系统决策管理研究

应用贝叶斯网络解决地下水环境管理中具有不确定性的多目标决策问题,通过对决策变量氮肥施用量以及灌溉模式的调控,减少水中的硝酸盐含量,达到既能有效改善水环境又不至使农民经济利益受到损害的目标。通过分析具体的地下水环境管理系统中变量间的相互关系,构建描述变量间不确定性关系的贝叶斯网络模型,其中包括表示其依赖关系的有向无环图和表示其具体概率依赖程度的条件概率表。并在多个水环境管理目标均达到最优的前提下进行概率推理,得到决策变量氮肥施用量以及灌溉模式取不同值时目标变量的概率分布情况。最终确定出能使所有目标均达到最优的合理的水环境管理决策:(1)使用喷灌,将氮肥施用量控制在0.01~0.03 kg/m2;(2)使用漫灌,将氮肥施用量控制在0.01~0.02 kg/m2。     

Rapid Identification and Emergency Investigation of Surface Ruptures and Geohazards Induced by the M_s 7.1 Yushu Earthquake

<正>The rapid identification based on InSAR technology was proved to be effective in our emergency investigation of surface ruptures and geohazards induced by the Yushu earthquake.The earthquake-generating fault of the Yushu earthquake is the Yushu section of the Garze-Yushu faults zone.It strikes NWW-NW,23 km long near the Yushu County seat,dominated by left-lateral strike slip,and appearing as a surface rupture zone.The macroscopic epicenter is positioned at Guo-yang-yan -song-duo of Gyegu Town(33°03'11"N,96°51'26"E),where the co-seismic horizontal offset measured is 1.75 m.Geohazards induced by the Yushu earthquake are mainly rockfalls,landslides,debris flows, and unstable slopes.They are controlled by the earthquake-generating fault and are mostly distributed along it.There are several geohazard chains having been established,such as earthquake,canal damage,soil liquefying,landslide-debris flow,earthquake,soil liquefying,roadbed deformation,etc.In order to prevent seismic hazards,generally,where there is a visible surface rupture induced by the Yushu earthquake,reconstruction should be at least beyond 20 m,on each side,from it.Sufficient attention should also be given to potential geohazards or geohazard chains induced by the earthquake.     

谱分解技术在预测煤层岩浆岩侵入区的应用

岩浆岩的侵入问题一直严重影响着煤矿的安全和高效生产,如何准确地划分出岩浆岩侵入区范围是急需解决的关键问题之一。通过对正演模型数据和实际数据的谱分解分析,发现正常煤层与岩浆岩侵入煤层间存在着明显的频谱差异。正常煤层反射波在其主频对应的谱分解切片上的能量较强,而岩浆岩侵入煤层反射波在同一谱分解切片上的能量较弱。对于实际煤层数据来说,通过钻井标定,即可以定量、准确地划分出岩浆岩侵入区的范围。以大屯煤电公司徐庄煤矿为例,对7煤层谱分解沿层切片与振幅沿层切片进行了对比解释,结果证实谱分解技术对预测煤层岩浆侵入范围是切实可行的。     

单一松软煤层瓦斯抽采工艺数值模拟

借鉴油气藏数值模拟理论、技术和方法,对单一松软煤层的瓦斯抽采工艺进行了研究分析。根据单一松软煤层特点,提出了单一松软煤层的几何模型技术——单直径球型孔隙模型,在此基础上建立了煤层瓦斯抽采的地质和数理模型,并根据网格差分方法推导出数值解。以实际生产数据对新模型及其数值解进行验证,结果表明该模型可以用于指导单一松软煤层瓦斯抽采工艺的确定。     

土地综合整治动态管理信息系统构建分析

在调研山东省土地综合整治现状的基础上提出了当前工作中存在的问题,并对建立土地综合整治动态管理信息系统的必要性进行了分析。提出基于3S技术、ArcGIS软件平台、计算机技术、网络技术,构建土地综合整治动态管理信息系统的设想,有利于提升山东省土地综合整治项目管理水平。     

基于危险度区划的县级区域降雨引发滑坡的风险预警方法——以四川省米易县降雨滑坡为例

降雨滑坡预警在世界上开展广泛,但对小区域的降雨滑坡风险进行预警尚不多见。以通用的风险定义为基础,首先对目标区域——四川省米易县的地质灾害进行调查,以典型滑坡进行反演,获得灾害的本底因素,按贡献率权重叠加法进行危险度分区;通过对承灾体的调查确定承灾对象,并将各承灾对象按密度由行政界限向1km×1km的网格单元转化后叠加形成易损度分区。二者相乘完成风险分区。对研究区域近5年逐日降雨数据与172条地质灾害记录进行分析,按前期日降雨量模型得到降雨阈值,根据滑坡空间概率和降雨引发滑坡的时间概率叠加的结果,得到研究区域的降雨滑坡概率,对照风险分区,完成风险预警。