塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体演化对成矿的制约

塔里木陆块西北缘萨热克砂岩型铜矿床构造演化、流体演化与成矿之间具有密切关系,处于一个统一系统中。矿床成岩期方解石中包裹体水的δD值为-65.3‰~-99.2‰,改造成矿期石英包裹体水的δD值为-77.7‰~-96.3‰,成岩成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-3.22‰~1.84‰,改造成矿期成矿流体δ~(18)OH_2O变化范围为-4.26‰~5.14‰,指示萨热克铜矿成岩期、改造期成矿流体主要为中生代大气降水及其经水岩作用而成的盆地卤水。矿石中辉铜矿δ~(34)S值为-24.7‰~-15.4‰,指示硫主要源自硫酸盐细菌与有机质还原,部分源于有机硫。构造与成矿流体演化对砂岩铜矿成矿起关键制约作用。盆地发展早期强烈的抬升运动使盆地周缘基底与古生界剥蚀,为富铜矿源层的形成提供了丰富物源,至晚侏罗世盆地发展晚期,长期演化积聚的巨量含矿流体在库孜贡苏组砾岩胶结物及裂隙中富集,在萨热克巴依盆地内形成具有经济意义的砂岩型铜矿床。     

新疆哈密地区早泥盆世珊瑚动物群及其地质意义

新疆哈密地区下泥盆统发育,南部图拉尔根地区下泥盆统为大南湖组,北部三道白杨沟地区为卓木巴斯套组。在大南湖组中共发现四射珊瑚2属5种,床板珊瑚7属12种,并建立四射珊瑚组合Syringaxon moriense和床板珊瑚组合Pseudofavosites giganteus;在卓木巴斯套组共发现四射珊瑚5属7种,床板珊瑚2属2种,并建立四射珊瑚组合Orthopaterophyllum junggarense和床板珊瑚组合Pachyfavosites junggarensis。通过珊瑚在地层中的分布及组合的时代对比,确定前者的时代为早泥盆世埃姆斯期早期,后者的时代为埃姆斯期中晚期。通过与国内外典型的早泥盆世埃姆斯期珊瑚动物群的对比,认为哈密地区的珊瑚动物具有典型的早泥盆世温带动物群特征,在生物古地理区系上属于北方大区准噶尔-兴安省。     

Reservoir architecture and fracture characterization of low-permeability sandstone reservoir: a case study of Biandong oilfield,Jinhu depression,northern Jiangsu Basin,China

Fracture is one of the most important factors through the whole process of low-permeability reservoir development. Biandong oilfield is a typical low-permeability fractured sandstone reservoir, and has stepped into high water cut stage; thus, the waterflooding effect is poor. Therefore, many contradictions such as high moisture content, decreasing production speed, and low recovery efficiency are becoming increasingly prominent, which have seriously hindered the sustainable development, and need to be solved urgently. However, few such studies on reservoir characterization in low-permeability fractured sandstone reservoir have been conducted in China. In this study, through comprehensive analysis on reservoir characterization and sedimentary environment, significant results are achieved. Three types of fracture occurrence are identified; they are high-angle fracture, low-angle fracture, and horizontal fracture, respectively. Two types of reservoir pore (primary porosity and secondary porosity) are recognized based on thin-section observation and analysis. The diagenetic stage of Biandong oilfield are divided into three stages, early A, early B, and late A, respectively. Finally, a regional discrete fracture network model is established with Fisher’s algorithm based on three-dimensional geological model. All the research results presented above can make a significant instructing function for making reservoir development plan and improving recovery efficiency.     

内蒙古1∶5万乌音呼日勒庙等四幅区域地质矿产调查新进展

内蒙古1∶5万乌音呼日勒庙等四幅区域地质矿产调查项目取得的新进展及主要成果为: 根据岩石组合、动植物化石及同位素年龄等,重新厘定、划分了16个岩石地层填图单位,在多个组段沉积岩层位中首次发现丰富的动、植物化石,建立了各地层年代学格架; 将侵入岩重新解体划分为4个填图单元,并建立了侵入岩年代学格架; 新发现1处规模较大的韧性变形带,主要为逆—左行走滑韧性断层,时代归属于中三叠世末期,为额尔古纳河—阿龙山NE向韧性变形域的南部延伸; 新发现矿(化)点20处,其中金属矿点3处,金属矿化点6处,非金属矿点9处,非金属矿化点2处; 总结了该区成矿规律,圈定了成矿远景区及找矿靶区。     

鲁东地区地热资源分布规律及勘查定井方法探讨

鲁东地区具有丰富的地热资源,在地热勘查、开发和利用中,对地热勘查定井方法的选择至关重要。在介绍鲁东地区地热资源分布特征和赋存规律的基础上,结合鲁东地区地热勘查及施工的经验和教训,针对不同的地热地质条件,分别采用天然电场选频、瞬变电磁法(TEM)测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)、电磁测深和自然放射能测深等方法对鲁东地区典型地热勘查区进行地热井位确定,并对勘查定井方法效果进行对比。结果表明: 鲁东地热资源主要分布在NE向、NNE向及NW向断裂交汇带附近,为断裂控制的深循环对流型带状地热资源,热储分布主要受断裂控制,勘查定井宜选择在2条或多条断裂的交汇处; 天然电场选频、瞬变电磁法测深对于浅部地层和断裂具有较好的反映; 可控源音频大地电磁测深对断裂深部发育特征反映明显,为鲁东地热勘查定井较适宜的方法; 地热勘查定井宜采用2种以上的勘查方法,避免在物探施工过程中受外在因素的影响。     

川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝充填物特征及指示意义

川北地区寒武系筇竹寺组钙质结核泥页岩中早成岩期钙质结核较发育,结核裂缝中见多期次矿物充填。为揭示钙质结核裂缝形成机理,本次结合岩石学特征及地球化学特征等开展系统研究。川北筇竹寺组钙质结核裂缝中见三~四期矿物充填。第一期微晶方解石表面较脏,阴极发光暗淡,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-4.26‰及-7.69‰;第二期为细—中晶粒状方解石充填,阴极发光为橘黄色,流体包裹体均一温度为平均值为86.4℃,δ13C_(PDB)、δ18O_(PDB)平均值分别为-3.15‰及-7.41‰;第三期为粗晶方解石充填阴极发光暗淡,流体包裹体均一温度平均值为96.6℃,δ~(13)C_(_(PDB))、δ~(18)O_(_(PDB))平均值分别为-1.73‰及-10.28‰;第四期为重晶石充填。结合区域构造史—热演化史分析表明,钙质结核裂缝中四期充填物分别指示早期脱水、烃源岩早成熟期生烃、加里东构造运动抬升释压及深埋藏期硫酸盐热还原作用事件。     

甘肃祁连山西段金矿分布特征及控矿因素分析

祁连西段是甘肃省重要的金成矿带,分布有鹰嘴山、寒山、阳凹大泉、车路沟、金湾子等金矿床,近年又新发现豹子沟南、滴水山、牛毛泉、积阴功台金矿,显示出较大的区域找矿潜力。本文通过典型金矿床和新发现金矿成矿地质条件分析,总结了甘肃祁连山西段金矿的空间分布特征、控矿因素。初步研究认为祁连山西段主要的金矿床呈带状分布于阿尔金走滑断裂与北祁连褶皱断裂构造带交汇部位,明显受不同规模、不同序次的韧、脆性断裂构造破碎带控制;成矿与区域内不同规模中酸性—中基性岩体及岩脉有关;古生代火山碎屑岩、浅变质碎屑岩为主要容矿岩性及含矿建造;矿体普遍具有延深大于延长、深部明显富集的特征。新发现金矿多以化探异常查证为重点,不断浓缩异常源,实现找矿突破。本文对祁连山西段的金矿勘查具有指导意义,对该地区的金矿研究也提供了重要的基础资料。     

IPCC AR6报告解读：未来的全球气候——基于情景的预估和近期信息

依据IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第一工作组报告第四章的内容,对未来全球气候的预估结果进行解读。报告对21世纪全球表面气温、降水、大尺度环流和变率模态、冰冻圈和海洋圈的可能变化进行了系统评估,并对2100年以后的气候变化做了合理估计。评估指出全球平均表面气温将在未来20年内达到或超过1.5℃,平均降水也将增加,但随季节和区域而异,同时变率将增大。大尺度环流和变率模态受内部变率影响较大。到21世纪末,北冰洋可能出现无冰期;全球海洋会继续酸化,平均海平面将持续上升,百年内上升幅度依赖不同排放情景,都在2100年后继续升高。在最新的评估中采用多种约束方法,减小了预估不确定性的范围。AR6对于低排放情景以及“小概率高增暖情节”的关注为应对气候变化提供了更多、更完整的信息。综合报告的评估结果指出,未来需要进一步减小区域,特别是季风区气候预估的不确定性,并从科学研究和模式发展两方面加强我国气候预估能力的建设。     

Performance of GPS and GPS/SINS navigation in the CE-5T1 skip re-entry mission

A CE-5T1 spacecraft completed a high-speed skip re-entry to the earth after a circumlunar flight on October 31, 2014. In addition to the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), a lightweight GPS receiver with rapid acquisition was developed as a navigation sensor in the re-entry capsule. The GPS receiver effectively solved the poor accuracy problem of long-term navigation using only the SINS. In contrast to ground users and low-earth-orbit spacecraft, numerous factors, including high altitude and kinetic characteristics in high-speed skip re-entry, are important for GPS positioning feasibility and were presented in accordance with the flight data. GPS solutions started at nearly 4900 km orbital altitude during the phases of re-entry process. These solutions were combined by an inertial measurement unit in a loosely coupled integrated navigation method and SINS navigation initialization. A simplified GPS/SINS navigation filter for limited resources was effectively developed and implemented on board for spacecraft application. Flight data estimation analyses, including trajectory, attitude, position distribution of GPS satellite, and navigation accuracy, were presented. The estimated accuracy of position was better than 42 m, and the accuracy of velocity was better than 0.1 m/s.