新疆可可托海——二台活动断裂带

北北西走向的新疆可可托海－二台活动断裂带长１９０ｋｍ，为晚更新世晚期以来呈右旋逆走滑活动的断裂带，形成了额尔齐斯河与乌伦古河断错水系。该断裂带晚更新世晚期以来右错１ｋｍ左右，最大垂直错动１５ｍ；全新世晚期的右旋走滑速率为８．２３±０．４７ｍｍ／ａ。自晚更新世晚期以来该带发生过７期１７次古地震，平均复现期为１５１１±８９ａ。富蕴县喀依尔提拉分型盆地以南为古地震及１９３１年富蕴８级地震破裂段，长１５９ｋｍ，以北为未破裂段，长２５．５ｋｍ，喀依尔提拉分型盆地为构造障碍点。     

不同荷载下新疆库尔勒－托克逊岩石变形强度性质的实验研究

对库尔勒－托克逊大理岩、片麻岩、蛇纹石化橄榄岩、间长岩、花岗岩及火山岩的挤压实验表明，蛇纹石化橄榄岩的强度最小为１６．３３ＭＰａ，其横向形变最大达６．８１×１０－３。火山岩的强度最大为１８０．３１ＭＰａ，其纵向形变最大为３．５×１０－３。蛇纹石化橄榄岩为弹性体。花岗岩类岩石在高压下发生粘滑破裂，这是岩石成分不均匀所具有的脆性特征。岩石强度与荷载速度呈正比。     

阿尔金活动断裂带的运动学和动力学特征

位于喜马拉雅碰撞带后陆的阿尔金活动断裂带,是自西向东逐步形成的左旋走滑断裂。早期以逆冲活动为主,晚期以走滑活动为主。距今0.35Ma(中更新世)以来,平均左旋走滑速率为4.9±0.4mm/a,平均水平错动量是垂直错动量的12.3倍。晚更新世晚期至全新世时期发生过5次古地震,平均复现期为800年左右。     

用地震断层陡坎的形态方程确定古地震事件的年代

通过对地震断层陡坎演为过程的分析，应用均匀物质扩散理论建立地震断层陡坎的形态方程，推断古地震断层陡坎的年龄，从而确定古地震事件的期次及年代。用该方法对二台活断层古地震断层陡坎进行计算，所得结果与用其它方法确定的古地震事件的期次及年代对应较好。     

Low-frequency sea level variability and impact of recent sea ice decline on the sea level trend in the Arctic Ocean from a high-resolution simulation

Ocean Dynamics - The Arctic Ocean is undergoing significant changes, with rapid sea ice decline, unprecedented freshwater accumulation, and pronounced regional sea level rise. In this paper, we...     

Nitrate subsurface transport and losses in response to its initial distributions in sloped soils: An experimental and modelling study

Transport and losses of nitrate from sloped soils are closely linked to nitrogen fertilizer management. Previous studies have always focused on different types of fertilizer applications and rarely analysed various initial nitrate distributions as a result of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Under certain conditions, both subsurface lateral saturated flow and vertical leaching dominate nitrate losses. Soil tank experiments and HYDRUS‐2D modelling were used to better understand the subsurface nitrate transport and losses through lateral saturated flow and vertical leaching under various initial nitrate distributions. Low (L: 180 mg L^?1), normal (N: 350 mg L^?1), and high (H: 500 mg L^?1) nitrate concentrations were used in five different distributions (NNNN, NLLN, LHHL, LNLN, and HNHN) along the slope of the tank. The first two treatments (NNNN and NLLN) were analysed both experimentally and numerically. Experiments were conducted under 12 rainfall events at intervals of 3 days. The HYDRUS‐2D model was calibrated and validated against the experimental data and demonstrated good model performance. The other three treatments (LHHL, LNLN, and HNHN) were investigated using the calibrated model. Nitrate concentrations in purple sloped soils declined exponentially with time under intermittent rainfalls, predominantly in the upper soil layers. Non‐uniform initial nitrate distributions contributed to larger differences between four locations along the slope in deeper soil layers. The non‐uniform nitrate distribution either enhanced or reduced decreases in nitrate concentrations in areas with higher or lower initial nitrate concentrations, respectively. Higher nitrate concentrations at the slope foot and along the slope were reduced mainly by lateral flow and vertical leaching, respectively. Increasing nitrogen application rates increased subsurface nitrate losses. Mean subsurface lateral nitrate fluxes were twice as large as mean vertical leaching nitrate fluxes. However, due to longer leaching durations, total nitrate losses due to vertical leaching were comparable with those due to lateral flow, which indicated comparable environmental risks to surface waters and groundwater.     

哈密盆地北缘活动断裂带微地貌

哈密盆地北线活动断裂带走向北西西,断续长180km。8条剖面的GPS测量结果显示,断坎坡度为15°～18°及31°～33°．单个断崖高3～10m。由年代学资料计算出该断裂带中全新世垂直活动速率为0．65±0．08mm／a,比晚更新世晚期垂直活动速率有所增大。     

却勒塔格活动断裂带的某些特征

位于库车县北面的却勒塔格动断裂带发育在上第三系塑性岩层中,为逆断层或逆掩断层,其部分地段在晚更新世晚期以后断层性质转化为正断层,并锚动渭干河阶地,断层滑动速率在１ｍｍ／ａ以内,却勒葆各活动断裂带为表层滑脱构造。     

河源地区气温变化特征及其与ENSO的关系

利用河源地区5个气象站1960—2016年的逐月平均气温、NOAA逐月海温等资料,采用线性倾向、Mann-Kendall检验等统计方法,分析了河源地区气温变化特征及其对ENSO事件的响应。结果表明:河源地区年平均气温及季平均气温均呈递增趋势,且夏、秋、冬季和年平均气温气温上升趋势显著;河源地区气温在20世纪80年代中后期—90年代末发生1次较为明显的由冷到暖的突变;年平均气温存在5~6、14~15及24 a的周期变化规律;在El Ni1o事件中,河源地区年平均气温有偏高趋势,La Ni1o事件,则反之;ENSO事件对气温的影响存在滞后性,对河源地区的气温影响最明显表现在次年。     

雨涝灾害对舞钢市棉花生产的影响

通过田间调查，对2004--2006年棉花不同阶段雨涝情况对棉花生育及产量构成的影响进行了比较分析，并提出了相应的抗灾减灾对策。