我国石墨矿产地质特征及资源潜力分析

石墨是我国重要的大宗优势非金属矿产,其既具有非金属矿物的一般性能,又兼有金属和有机塑料的某些特性,是用途广泛的特殊的非金属矿物原料,是我国新兴产业的重要原材料。我国石墨成因类型主要为区域变质型,其工业价值较大。文章通过对我国石墨矿产分布特征、成矿规律分析进而总结石墨资源潜力特征,认为我国黑龙江、内蒙古、四川等省资源潜力巨大,可实行保护性开采,从而获取经济效益。     

Characteristics of gas disaster in the Huaibei coalfield and its control and development technologies

The Huaibei coalfield is in the East China Economic Area, which is rich in coal and gas resources. However, hundreds of coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred because of the complex geological structures of the coalfield. Based on theoretical analysis and field statistics, the characteristics of regional geological structures and the coal measure strata evolution in the Huaibei coalfield were researched, and gas resource distribution and gas parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the dominant controlling factors of gas occurrence and gas dynamic disaster. The results indicated that the Huaibei coalfield has undergone complex tectonic evolution, causing obvious differences in gas storage in different blocks of different mining areas, which exhibits a pattern of high amounts of gas in the south and east, and low amounts of gas in the north and west. The coal seam and gas occurrence have a bipolar distribution in the coalfield caused by multiple tectonic movements, and they are deeply buried. Horizontal tectonic stress plays a dominant role in gas outburst, and the thermal evolution and trap effects of magma intrusion increase the possibility and extent of gas outburst. Considering coal seam and gas occurrence characteristics in the coalfield, we propose a new technology for deep coal reservoir reconstruction which combined present underground regional gas control methods and surface well extraction methods. The technology has three effects: developing gas resources, improving coal mining safety level and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has been practiced to be effective in coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield.     

Characterizing land condition variability in Northern China from 1982 to 2011

For the last three decades, Northern China has been considered as one of the most sensitive areas regarding global environmental change. The integration of AVHRR GIMMS and MODIS NDVI data (1982–2011), of which for the overlapping period of 2000–2006 show good consistency, were used for characterizing land condition variability. The trends of standardized annually ΣNDVI, temperature, precipitation and PDSI were obtained using a linear regression model. The results showed that Northern China has a general increase in greenness for the period 1982–2011 (a = 0.05). Also, annually ΣNDVI is significantly correlated with temperature and precipitation data at the regional scale (p < 0.05), implying that temperature and precipitation are the dominant limiting factors for vegetation growth. Since the greening is not uniform, factors other than temperature and precipitation may contribute to greening in some areas, while the grassland and cropland ecosystem are becoming increasingly vulnerable to drought. The results of trend analysis indicate that greenness seems to be evident in most of the study areas.     

East Asia winter monsoon variations on a millennial time‐scale before the last glacial–interglacial cycle

Grain size and magnetic susceptibility measurements on samples from a typical loess–palaeosol sequence on the central Chinese Loess Plateau are used to reconstruct the Pleistocene East Asian monsoon climate. The coarse‐grained fraction, i.e. the weight percentage > 30 μm of the bulk grain‐size distribution, is used as a sensitive proxy index of the East Asia winter monsoon strength. On the basis of an absolute time‐scale, time‐series variations of this proxy show that winter monsoon strengths varied on millennial time‐scales during the periods 145–165, 240–280, 320–350, 390–440, 600–640, 860–890, 900–930 and 1330–1400 kyr BP. The wavelength of these climatic oscillations varied between 1.89 and 4.0 kyr, as is shown by spectral analysis using the multitaper method. Although numerical simulation experiments show that high frequencies also can arise from measurement errors in the grain‐size analysis, the frequencies prove to be sufficiently stable when the spectral analysis is repeated with a different number of tapers. For the time being, we do not correlate these climatic oscillations with palaeoclimatic records in the North Atlantic deep‐sea sediments because both time‐scales need to be further improved. Our data, however, certainly demonstrate that millennial‐scale East Asian winter monsoon variations in the last 1.4 million years can be detected from terrestrial loess records. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粤东莲花山地区锡矿矿产类型

锡矿是粤东优势矿种之一。在收集分析粤东莲花山地区61个锡矿床（点）成矿特征的基础上,对该地区锡矿床（点）矿产类型进行划分归类,建立了粤东莲花山地区锡矿工业类型,主要有为锡石-硫化物型、锡石-硅酸盐型、锡石-石英脉型、斑岩型4类;对4种不同类型锡矿床所具有的矿物组合进行归纳,并开展各类型代表性矿床综合研究,初步构建了4个类型代表性矿区的成矿模式图,为粤东地区锡矿研究提供了基础资料。     

均匀设计在室内大型注浆试验研究中的应用

介绍了均匀设计试验方法的特点及优越性，利用试验点在试验范围内的均匀分布，能大大减少试验次数且获得较好的试验效果。将均匀设计方法引入到注浆试验研究中，并对试验进行了详细设计，实践表明，均匀设计试验法是一种有效、可靠的试验设计方法。     

二异氰酸酯与壳聚糖交联产物对金属离子的吸附性能

研究了二异氰酸酯与壳聚糖的交联反应,其产物与壳聚糖相比,酸溶解度由82.04％降到58.08％。DSC曲线表明,交联产物的热稳定性明显提高,对低价重金属离子(Hg     

甘青文化区新石器文化的时空变化 和可能的环境动力*

气候变化引起的环境系统的变动,可以对史前文化的时空分布产生决定性的影响。甘青文化区是我国古文明发祥地之一。这里新石器文化非常发达,遗址丰富,类型齐全,为一个自成体系的古文化中心。通过分析不同类型的新石器文化的时空分布的变化,发现自大地湾文化至马家窑文化时期,研究区文化在空间上扩张,而后逐步向南退缩。这一变化和气候的干湿状况的变化密切相关。5kaB.P.气候逐步趋向干旱,导致文化分布上的空间差异,至齐家文化时期,研究区105°E以西遗址点的空间分布大大地向南收缩,而105°E以东齐家文化的分布范围和仰韶文化基本一致。     

水泥—丙烯酸盐复合浆液的实验性研究

水泥-丙烯酸盐复合浆液是在丙烯酸盐浆液的基础上研制出来的一种复合浆液，它既保留了丙烯酸盐浆液流动性好，固结体弹性好的优点，又大幅度地提高了浆液的抗压强度和粘结强度，因此在注浆时可以带来良好的综合灌注效果，还对复合浆液的粘度和强度进行了试验性研究。     

Research on Relationship Between Fluorine in Tap Water and That in Urine of Chinese Residents

In this study, the relationship between fluorine in drinking water and that in urine of urban residents in China is assessed. Fluorine concentrations in tap water and those in urine show a good correlation with a linear regression coefficient of 0. 9798, indicating that the fluorine concentrations in big cities under investigation are extremely low, and the main source of fluorine is tap water. The weather effect on the intake amount of fluorine is also discussed. When air temperature is above 15℃, people would intake more fluorine through drinking water with the rise of air temperature. When temperature is below 15℃, no remarkable relationship is observed between air temperature and the intake amount of fluorine. This phenomenon indicates that the main source of fluorine in China is tap water instead of foodstuff.