柴达木盆地东北缘地质灾害及防治

青海省柴达木盆地东北缘地貌类型复杂,新构造运动强烈,由各种内外应力造成的地质灾害具有类多、发生频繁等现象,集中反映在土地荒漠化、水土流失、草场退化、湖泊萎缩、地震、泥石流及滑坡等面,人类生存环境日趋恶劣。通过对该区各类地质灾害及生态环境现状进行评述,提出了治理建议。     

河南省嵩山区元古代嵩山群底部的主滑脱带

河南省嵩山区位于中朝地台南部,区内发育被2个角度不整合面分隔开的3个前寒武纪岩群,一个主滑脱带沿着嵩山群与登封群间不整合面发育.滑脱带之上的早元古代嵩山群形成近南北向的褶皱带,因此,嵩山群岩石在主滑脱带之上形成无根的独立构造.与滑脱带下伏的太古宙登封群很少有关系.主滑脱带厚4～30m,沿着主滑脱带,登封群角闪岩相岩石强烈退变质到绿片岩相矿物组合,主滑脱带发育在脆韧性过渡域.多尺度的观察指出,主滑脱带的形成受地壳成分分层导致的流变学分层性所制约,而且地层柱底部软弱面或地质界面是近水平的滑脱带发育的优选位置.显然,对滑脱带的发育还必须考虑水解弱化作用.     

Basaltic and Solution Reference Materials for Iron,Copper and Zinc Isotope Measurements

Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ⁵⁷Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ⁶⁶Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ⁶⁸Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ⁵⁷Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ⁶⁸Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s).     

Dynamic Prediction Model of Overburden Settlement in Deep Mining Areas based on Space–Time Relationship

Natural Resources Research - Depletion of shallow mineral resources caused by deep mining has become an inevitable trend, and deep mining can increase safety accidents and geological hazards....     

Retrogressive Microstructures:A Key to Post Collisional Uplift and Extension Tectonics of Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Rocks from Dabie Orogenic Belt,China

ThereisanunanimousunderstandingthattheUHPmetamorphisminDabie-SuluareaswasformedduringtheTri-assiccollisioneventbetweentheYangtzeandNorthChinacratons(Congetal.,l994$Zhouetal-,l996;Liouetal.,l994)-Eclogiteisthemostimportantrocktypeamongtheul-trahigh-pressure(UHP)metamorphicrocks.Accordingtotheiroccurrencethereare3typesofeclogites:typeIisen-clavesinultramaficintrusionsandasmembersinthelayeredmafic-ultramaficcomplex(Jahnl998);typeIispodsorlay-ersinthehighlymetamorphicsupracrustals(mainlying…     

Multi-Layered Low-Angle Ductile Detachment System in Dabie-Sulu UHPM and HPM Belts,China

INTRODUCTIoNTheDabie-Suluregion,Chinahasbeenrecognizedasthelargestultrahigh-pressuremetamorphic(UHPM)(peakp>2.7GPa)andHPMbeltsintheworld,andattractedexten-siveinterestfrominternationalgeoscientists.AwealthofpublicationsexistsabouttheoccurrenceofUHPMindexmin-erals,thegeochronology,metamorphicPTpaths,andthelarge-scaleconceptualtectonicevolutionofUHPMandhigh-pressuremetamorphic(HPM)rocksintheDabie-Suluregion.Morerecentoverviewsaregiven'byErnstetal.(1995),Liouetal.(l996),andHackere…     

Location of Triassic Tectonic Suture Between Collided Sino-Korean and Yangtze Cratons in Dabie-Sulu Region, China

INTRODUCTIONTheageofultrahigh-pressuremetamorphism(UHPM)andhigh-pressuremetamorphism(HPM)hasbeendeterminedat24OMato2loMabyseveralchronologicalmethods(Lietal.,1998;Maruyamaetal.,l998iAmesetal.,l9961Hack-erandWang,l995;Johnetal,,1994).Theseagedatare-f1ecttheTriassicobliquecollisionbetweentheSino-KoreanandYangtzecratons.ThermobarometricestimatesoftheUH-PMandHPMintheDabie-SuluregionshowthatthecoldcontinentalcrustmaterialoftheYangtzecratonwasunder-thrust,alongthesuture,northwardtoma…     

The potential hydrothermal systems unexplored in the Southwest Indian Ocean

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents possess complex ecosystems and abundant metallic mineral deposits valuable to human being. On-axial vents along tectonic plate boundaries have achieved prominent results and obtained huge resources, while nearly 90% of the global mid-ocean ridge and the majority of the off-axial vents buried by thick oceanic sediments within plates remain as relatively undiscovered domains. Based on previous detailed investigations, hydrothermal vents have been mapped along five sections along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) with different bathymetry, spreading rates, and gravity features, two at the western end (10°–16°E Section B and 16°–25°E Section C) and three at the eastern end (49°–52°E Section D, 52°–61°E Section E and 61°–70°E Section F). Hydrothermal vents along the Sections B, C, E and F with thin oceanic crust are hosted by ultramafic rocks under tectonic-controlled magmatic-starved settings, and hydrothermal vents along the Section D are associated with exceed magmatism. Limited coverage of investigations is provided along the 35°–47°E SWIR (between Marion and Indomed fracture zones) and a lot of research has been done around the Bouvet Island, while no hydrothermal vents has been reported. Analyzing bathymetry, gravity and geochemical data, magmatism settings are favourable for the occurrence of hydrothermal systems along these two sections. An off-axial hydrothermal system in the southern flank of the SWIR that exhibits ultra-thin oceanic crust associated with an oceanic continental transition is postulated to exist along the 100-Ma slow-spreading isochron in the Enderby Basin. A discrete, denser enriched or less depleted mantle beneath the Antarctic Plate is an alternative explanation for the large scale thin oceanic crust concentrated on the southern flank of the SWIR.     

亚洲大陆主要活动块体的现今构造应力数值模拟

亚洲大陆晚新生代和现代构造变形以活动地块为主要特征,表现为在统一构造格局下不同地块间具有不同的运动方式和速度。为了研究这些具有不同运动学性质块体间的相互作用以及构造变形特征,基于亚洲大陆的总体构造格局构建了二维有限元模型。根据模拟结果,对比已知GPS数据、震源机制解以及地质调查数据等,定量分析了大陆内部主要活动地块构造应力场的分布特征,并探讨了影响亚洲大陆现今构造变形特征的主要因素。结果表明：在我国的西部陆块内,由于周边一系列近EW向弧形活动构造带的存在,导致其内部次级块体运动速率的衰减,从而进一步导致应力环境的变化,由青藏中部的挤压-拉张环境逐渐转变为塔里木、天山地区的完全挤压环境;在西伯利亚地块和印度板块的联合挤压作用下,华北地块上地壳的应力表现为较弱的挤压环境,而在该种应力环境下块体内部伸展构造的成因很可能与其深部的动力学环境有关;华南地块的运动方向与台湾造山带相反,从而形成一个秦岭-大别造山带以南的较强烈的挤压-拉张区;在印度-澳大利亚板块和菲律宾俯冲板块的联合挤压作用下,巽他地块作为华南地块和印支地块的逃逸窗口,表现出以婆罗洲、南海为中心近圆弧形的弱挤压区以及环绕挤压区外缘挤压-拉张区的应力分布特征。     

Redefining the Age of the Cenozoic Shanwang Formation in Shanwang Basin

<正>Objective The Shanwang Basin is a small Cenozoic sedimentary basin located in Linqu county,Shandong province.The Shanwang Formation,especially the diatomaceous shale member,contains diverse and finely preserved flora and fauna fossils(Fig.1).Previous paleontological study and radiometric dating show that it was formed in the Miocene.However,on the precise age of the formation,there are such different opinions as Late Miocene,Middle