Zebiak-Cane数值模式的可预报性分析

用Zebiak-Cane(ZC)模式关于热带太平洋海表温度距平(SSTA)的预报资料,从预报误差发展的角度,考察了该模式关于El Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a事件生长期和衰减期以及正常年份SSTA的预报技巧.结果表明,ZC模式关于ENSO预报的一个最突出的特征是:El Ni(n)o事件生长期SSTA的预报误差存在着明显的季节依赖性,最大预报误差增长通常出现在春季和夏初(AMJ),存在显著的春季可预报性障碍(SPB);对于El Ni(n)o事件的衰减期、La Ni(n)a事件的生长期和衰减期以及正常年份,SSTA预报误差没有明显的季节依赖性.作者比较了ZC模式关于ENSO事件不同发展阶段(生长期和衰减期)以及正常年份SSTA的可预报性.结果表明,La Ni(n)a生长期SSTA的预报最困难;在El Ni(n)o事件、La Ni(n)a事件和正常年份3种情形中,ZC模式关于La Ni(n)a事件的预报技巧最低.用上述动力学方法,进一步考察了ZC模式预报技巧的年代际变化.结果表明,ZC模式在20世纪80年代SPB现象相对较弱,有较高的预报技巧;而在70和90年代,ZC模式预报技巧明显低于80年代,同时伴有显著的SPB现象.     

西安地裂缝地面沉降与防治对策

由于自然地质作用和人为活动影响,西安出现了严重的地裂缝和地面沉降灾害。地裂缝的形成分布与区 域地质构造息息相关,其总体北东向成带发育,平行等间距排列,表现出较强的线性展布规律和垂向位移、水平拉 张与水平扭动的三维变形特征。地裂缝有规律的展布活动,制约了人为诱发的地面沉降的发展,地面沉降只能在 被切割的多个条块体中发展。受地层结构、开采井群分布及开采强度等因素影响,在地裂缝两侧产生的差异沉降 又加剧了地裂缝的活动强度,使其危害大大增强,给城市建设和规划造成了巨大的损失和困难。进一步深入研究 城市地质灾害的形成机理,建立监测预警系统,加强城市规划,限制人类活动和采取工程防护措施等是行之有效的 防灾减灾对策。     

基于GF-1卫星遥感影像的海岸线生态化监测与评价研究——以营口市为例

海岸线是海洋与陆地的分界线,也是重要的生态交错线。本文采用GF-1卫星遥感影像,通过监测大潮高潮时刻和小潮低潮时刻海岸水陆边界线,构建了潮间带完整性系数,以此为依据将海岸线划分为自然海岸线、具有基本生态功能的人工海岸线、具有部分生态功能的人工海岸线、具有有限生态功能的人工海岸线、具有少量生态功能的人工海岸线和无生态功能的人工海岸线。在此基础上,结合潮间带完整性系数及其毗邻海岸线长度,构建了海岸线生态化指数,用以评价区域海岸线的生态化程度。营口市海岸线以无生态功能的人工海岸线、自然海岸线和具有少量生态功能的人工海岸线为主,分别占到海岸线总长度的45.74%、18.31%和15.53%。营口市总体海岸线生态化指数为0.29,其中西城区、老边区、盖州北、鲅鱼圈区和盖州南分别为0.55、0.17、0.40、0.10和0.55。     

论双侧造山带——以桐柏—大别造山带为例

从双侧造山带的几何学和力学模式出发,详细地讨论了桐柏—大别造山带的构造特征。在综合地质和地球物理资料基础上,提出一个解释桐柏—大别造山带漂浮体及花状构造的运动学模式。强调指出,具有两个不同变形楔状体的桐柏—大别造山带,是由华北及扬子克拉通间在印支—燕山期斜向碰撞造成的。     

Petrological Study on the Ductile Shear Zones in the Core of the Eastern Qinling Orogenic Belt in Western Henan

A series of ductile shear zones of the overthrust and strike-slip-types and related ductile shear metamorphicrocks, including tectonic melange and mylonites. were formed in the core of the Qinling orogenic belt in thecourse of the Caledonian-Indosinian ductilc and brittle-ductile reworking. The study on their petrography. va-riations in composition and conditions of formation is conducive to revealing the metamorphism-deformationhistory of the core of the Qinling orogenic belt and further to understanding the dynamic mechanism of its evo-lution.     

我国前寒武纪变质岩的构造特征

我国前寒武纪变质岩系的主要构造变形特征是:线型韧性剪切带及逆冲推覆构造发育,一般都遭受了多期变形、变质和强烈的构造置换作用,显生宙再造作用强烈,发育各种类型的穹隆构造。这些特征反映了前寒武纪地壳结构的不均一性和水平运动为主的构造体制.据构造置换、构造组合样式等划分出五种变质岩系构造类型,并对它们的制图原则和研究方法,作了相应的讨论。     

Internal structures and U–Pb ages of zircons from a tuff layer in the Meishucunian formation, Yunnan Province, South China

The Precambrian/Cambrian (PC/C) boundary is one of the most important intervals for the evolution of life, represented by prominent biological evolution from the first appearance of soft-bodied animals from the late Neoproterozoic to the sudden diversification of animals with mineralized skeletons in the Cambrian. In South China several areas contain many fossils and are well exposed, suitable for the investigation of PC/C boundary. However, geochronological relationships are still poorly known because of lack of combined detailed investigations of internal structures of zircons and in-situ U–Pb dating.We focus on the internal structure of zircons from a tuff layer within Bed 5 in the Meishucun section on which we undertook cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and in-situ U–Pb dating with LA-ICP-MS and nano-SIMS. Over 600 zircons from the tuff layer were classified into three types based on their CL images: oscillatory rims, inherited cores and dull structures. U–Pb dating of the internal structure of the zircons by LA-ICP-MS clearly shows a distinct unimodal age population dependent on the structure: 531 ± 17 Ma for the oscillatory rims and 515 Ma for the dull structures. The clear oscillatory zonation, the prismatic morphology, and their occurrence indicate that the oscillatory rims were formed from felsic magmatism, and that the U–Pb nano-SIMS age of 536.5 ± 2.5 Ma records the depositional age of the tuff. Our results indicate that the PC/C boundary is situated below Bed 5, and therefore the bottom of Zone 1 (Marker A) is more appropriate for the PC/C boundary than is the top of Zone 1 (Marker B). The age of a positive anomaly (P2) in the early Cambrian is estimated to be ca. 536 Ma.     

河北省铁矿类型及勘查开发现状

河北省是我国重要的铁矿产地。全省铁矿可归纳为5种成因类型,即沉积变质型铁矿、岩浆岩型铁矿、矽卡岩型铁矿、沉积型铁矿和火山热液型铁矿。在对不同类型铁矿地质特征进行总结的基础上,对全省铁矿的资源勘查和开发利用现状进行了梳理,对河北省铁矿资源禀赋特征进行了分析,提出了铁矿勘查、开发及管理中的问题和建议。     

A petrogenetic study of the garnet pyroxenite enclaves in spinel peridotite,North Dabieshan,China

Recently, garnet pyroxenite enclaves within peridotites occurring near Raobazhai, Huoshan County, have been discovered. The garnet pyroxenite is small pods, decimeters in size, enclosed within intensively serpentinized peridotites. Major mineral components comprise: garnet (Prp_25–35), sodium augite (Jd_10–25) with a small amount of ilmenite. There are two stages of retrometamorphism: the retrogressive granulite facies mineral assemblage is superimposed by that of amphibolite facies. The host rocks of the garnet pyroxenite are spinel peridotites, including spinel harzburgite and lherzolite. Due to intensive serpentinitization, only 5%–40% of the relic olivine (Fo_92–93) are preserved. The orthopyroxenes are Mg-rich (En_87–93) with bending of cleavages and granulation at their margins showing intracrystalline plasticity. On the basis of garnet-clinopyroxene Fe?Mg exchange equilibrium geothermometry proposed by Ellis & Green (1979) and Krogh (1988)K _D=4.06–5.28;T=793–919°C,P=1.5 GPa are estimated for the garnet pyroxenite. It is inferred that the peridotites are mantle rocks about 60 km in depth. During the exhumation of the orogenic belt, it was tectonically emplaced into the lower crust in the solid state and then uplifted to the shallow depth. Obviously, this kind of garnet pyroxenite must be petrogenetically related to its host rock. The REE distribution pattern and the Ni?Co?Sc diagram reveal that they are chemically equivalent to the basaltic melt and ultramafic residua respectively derived from partial melting of mantle rocks.