黄海中部海岸末次冰盛期第1硬质黏土层的粒度分维特征及其环境意义

沉积物粒度分布特征是衡量沉积介质能量,判别沉积环境和水动力条件的最基本的方法之一,粒度分维是粒度的另外一个重要参数。在前人对硬黏土成因研究的基础上,选取目前具有影响力说法的典型的沉积物：湖泊相、潮滩相、风成沙、粉尘、洪泛平原、黄土等进行了分维值的计算,通过与小庙洪区钻孔的末次冰盛期第1硬质黏土的粒度分维的对比,初步探索其粒度特征。从粒度分布与分维的角度进一步印证了该区第1硬质黏土层的沉积环境为河湖相。     

海平面上升导致潮波系统变化的机理（Ⅰ）——基于理论模型的研究

基于沿海峡相反方向传播的Kelvin波,导出了因海平面上升导致潮位振幅和位相变化的特征函数.这2个特征函数有一定的空间分布模式,可反映出由于海平面上升引起的潮位振幅和位相的变化哪儿是正,哪儿是负.文中计算了海平面上升1 m所引起的潮位振幅和位相的变化值.可以看出:对于一个给定的角速率ω来说,正变化区域的振幅变化值的平均值和负变化区域的振幅变化绝对值的平均值ω随纬度φ的增加而减小,而对于一个给定的地理纬度φ来说,正变化区域的振幅变化值的平均值和负变化区域的振幅变化绝对值的平均值随ω的增大而增大.在矩形海湾满足边界条件的解当中,Kelvin波占主导地位,因此,2个特征函数能够用来描述矩形海湾和某些实际海湾中因海平面上升引起的旋转潮波系统变化的分布特征.     

第二次土地调查与详查之比较

由于技术条件和执行的环境不同,第一次土地调查与第二次土地调查之间存在很大的差异。从重视程度、调查的方法与内容、调查底图和存储方式以及调查人员的专业程度等四个方面分析了两次土地调查的区别。     

基于DEM的山地地理可照时数空间分布估算统计模型——以重庆为例

为了建立合理、准确且便于估算和应用的山地地理可照时数空间分布模型,本文以重庆为例,首先利用分布式模型估算了30 a平均年和各月可照时数,并利用基于气象行业标准得到的理论值进行了验证;其次,以栅格单元为统计样本,建立了基于地形尺度的可照时数估算的统计模型。结果表明:(1)基于分布式模型的模拟结果具有较高可信度,除10月外,其他各月和年的相对误差均小于10%,且东北和东南部的相对误差较中西部高。(2)西部方山丘陵区的可照时数高,中部平行岭谷区次之,东北和东南部低。冬季可照时数的空间异质性最大,夏季次之,春秋季接近,均较小。(3)各月和年可照时数与主要地理和地形因子之间的相关关系均表现为极显著性,各月复相关系数在0.7929~0.8277,年复相关系数为0.8522。(4)重庆可照时数估算统计模型在一定程度上简化了分布式模型的计算步骤和计算量,便于其应用,并可为其他地区估算可照时数提供方法参考。     

南海沉积物细菌胞外蛋白酶在家族水平上的多样性

海洋产蛋白酶细菌及其分泌的胞外蛋白酶在降解有机氮以推动海洋氮循环进行方面发挥着重要作用,但目前对这二者多样性的认识非常有限。本研究自南海沉积物中筛选得到90株产蛋白酶细菌,并通过N-端氨基酸序列,分析了其胞外蛋白酶在家族水平上的多样性。16S rRNA基因序列分析的结果表明,筛选的产蛋白酶细菌均属于Gammaproteobacteria纲,且大多数属于Alteromonadales目和Vibrionales目的不同属。对其中14株菌株的14个胞外蛋白酶的N-端氨基酸序列分析表明,所有这些蛋白酶属于金属蛋白酶的M4家族或丝氨酸蛋白酶的S8家族。本研究提供了海洋沉积物产蛋白酶细菌在类群及其胞外蛋白酶在类型上的新细节,这将有助于全面了解微生物酶促降解海洋沉积物有机氮的过程和机理。     

基于容器技术的天文应用软件自动部署方法

平方千米阵列即将开始建设,各子工作包也进入关键设计评估阶段。基于云与容器技术是平方千米阵列科学数据处理器未来可能采用的平台技术。针对超大规模海量数据处理面临的天文应用软件快速部署、运行与实测要求,充分考虑天文应用软件运行环境复杂、云计算环境下超大规模计算集群部署困难等问题,系统研究并给出了一种使用容器技术的天文应用软件通用自动部署方法。以目前较为常用的可见度函数校准软件SAGECaL为例,首先分析了SAGECaL的相关特性和分布式部署方面存在的困难,进而给出了基于容器技术的SAGECaL分布式集群的自动部署方法。实验结果表明,自动部署方法极大地提高了SAGECaL分布式集群的部署效率,满足项目组承担平方千米阵列科学数据处理器相关测试工作所需要的基础平台部署与切换等需求,同时也为其它天文软件在云端的快速部署与执行提供了有益的思路。     

一种基于声学回波统计的水下散射体数量密度评估模型

对水中泥沙、气泡群、鱼群等随即分布散射体群的声学回波统计特性进行了研究,建立了一种基于回波能量统计特征的水下散射体数量密度评估模型。对该模型进行了介绍与推导,并通过仿真试验证明了其对水下散射体数量密度评估的有效性。     

Photosynthetic response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scirpus validus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Typha orientalis</Emphasis> to elevated temperatures in Dianchi Lake,Southwestern China

Understanding the effects of simulated warming on photosynthetic performance of aquatic plants may provide strong supports for predicting future dynamics of wetland ecosystems in the context of climate change. The plateau wetlands located in Yunnan province are highly sensitive to climate warming due to their high altitude and cold temperature. Here, we conducted a temperaturecontrolled experiment using two temperature manipulations (ambient temperature as the control and 2°C higher than ambient temperature as the warmed treatment) to determine the photosynthetic characteristics of two lakeside dominant species (Scirpus validus Vahl and Typha orientalis C. Presl.) in Dianchi Lake. Net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), and transpiration rate of S. validus that grew under warmed treatment were all significantly higher than those under the control. G_s and C_i of T. orientalis showed similar patterns as S. validus did. For the response curves of P_n to photosynthetic active radiation (Pn-PAR) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (P_n-C_i), S. validus had higher P_n values under elevated temperatures than the control, while P_n-PAR and P_n-C_i curves of T. orientalis did not separate clearly under two temperature scenarios. Both S. validus and T. orientalis had higher maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, dark respiration rate, the maximum rate of RuBP carboxylation (V_cmax), maximum electron transport rate driving RuBP regeneration (J_max), the ratio of V_cmax to J_max, triosephosphate utilization, and 1, 5-bishosphate carboxylase ribulose content under warmed treatment than those under the control. This study provides a preliminary step for predicting the future primary production and vegetation dynamics of plateau wetlands in Yunnan province.     

Evaluation of the four potential Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundaries in the Nanxiong Basin based on evidences from volcanic activity and paleoclimatic evolution

Determining the location of the Cretaceous-Paleogene(K-Pg) boundary in terrestrial strata is highly significant for studying the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems at the end of the Cretaceous(especially the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs). At present, research on terrestrial K-Pg boundaries worldwide is concentrated in the middle and high latitudes, such as North America and Northeast China. Although many studies have also been carried out in the Nanxiong Basin, located at low latitudes(which has become the standard for dividing and comparing the continental K-Pg stratigraphy in China), many researchers have proposed four possible boundaries from different perspectives. Therefore, the exact location remains to be determined. In this study, the total mercury(Hg) content, environmental magnetism, geochemistry, and other parameters for the samples collected near the four boundaries were determined and compared with existing records. Results indicated that: 1) The total Hg content significantly increased in the upper part of the Zhenshui Formation and Pingling part of the Shanghu Formation with sharp fluctuations. As per latest dating results of Deccan Traps, the significantly high Hg value was attributed to the Deccan Traps eruption. Boundary 1 was located in the middle of the Hg anomaly interval, which was consistent with the relationship between the global K-Pg boundary and time of volcanic eruption. 2) The reconstructed paleoclimate evolution curve revealed that the red sediments in the basin recorded the late Maastrichtian warming event(66.2 Ma). Regarding the relationship between the four boundaries and this warming event, only boundary 1 was found to be closest to the real K-Pg boundary of the Nanxiong Basin.     

寒武纪丝状蓝细菌生物膜主导和诱发的巨型鲕粒:以河南新安县石井剖面苗岭统徐庄组为例

多样化的产出环境和30×108年的分布历史表明,鲕粒成因一直是一个谜一样的沉积学难题,争论的关键问题是其究竟是有机(微生物)成因还是无机成因.来自于华北地台寒武系苗岭统徐庄组鲕粒滩相灰岩顶部的方解石巨鲕表现出同心状、放射—同心状和泥晶质的沉积组构,在鲕粒核心和鲕粒皮层中保存着精美的葛万菌(Girvanella)化石所主...