The high-pressure and temperature equation of state of a majorite solid solution in the system of Mg4Si4O12-Mg3Al2Si3O12

The high-pressure and temperature equation of state of majorite solid solution, Mj_0.8Py_0.2, was determined up to 23 GPa and 773 K with energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction at high pressure and high temperature using the single- and double-stage configurations of the multianvil apparatuses, MAX80 and 90. The X-ray diffraction data of the majorite sample were analyzed using the WPPD (whole-powder-pattern decomposition) method to obtain the lattice parameters. A least-squares fitting using the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yields the isothermal bulk modulus, K _T0  = 156 GPa, its pressure derivative, K′ = 4.4(±0.3), and temperature derivative (∂K _T /∂T) _P = −1.9(±0.3)× 10⁻² GPa/K, assuming that the thermal expansion coefficient is similar to that of pyrope-almandine solid solution. Received: 5 October 1998 / Revised, accepted: 24 June 1999     

Potential of submarine-cave sediments and oxygen isotope composition of cavernicolous micro-bivalve as a late Holocene paleoenvironmental record

A sediment layer (43 cm thick) and surface sediments (5 cm thick) in a submarine limestone cave (31 m water depth) on the fore-reef slope of Ie Island, off Okinawa mainland, Japan, were examined by visual, mineralogical and geochemical means. Oxygen isotope analysis was performed on the cavernicolous micro-bivalve Carditella iejimensis from both cored sediments and surface sediments, and the water temperature within the cave was recorded for nearly one year. These data show that: (1) water temperature within the cave is equal to that at 30 m deep in the open sea; (2) the biotic and non-biotic environments within the cave have persisted for the past 2000 years; (3) mud-size carbonate detritus is a major constituent of the submarine-cave deposit, and may have come mainly from the suspended carbonate mud produced on the emergent Holocene reef flat over the past two millennia; (4) the δ¹⁸O-derived temperature (T_δ18_O) of C. iejimensis suggests that the species grows between April and July; (5) the T_δ18_O of C. iejimensis from cored sediments implies that there were two warmer intervals, at AD 340 ± 40 and AD 1000 ± 40, which correspond to the Roman Warm Period and Medieval Warm Period, respectively. These suggest that submarine-cave sediments provide unique information for Holocene reef development. In addition, oxygen isotope records of cavernicolous C. iejimensis are a useful tool to reconstruct century-scale climatic variability for the Okinawa Islands during the Holocene.     

Seasonal variation in the transverse and layered structure of estuarine circulation in Ariake Bay, Japan

Seasonal variation in the transverse and layered structure of estuarine circulation in Ariake Bay, Japan was investigated by box model analysis using monthly salinity data from 1990 to 2000. Two-layered gravitational estuarine circulation was intensified from autumn to spring (vertically well mixed season) accompanied by a small river discharge. Two-layered circulation was weakened accompanying the transversely segregated cyclonic circulation in the upper layer during summer (stratified season) with a large river discharge. Such seasonal variation in the transverse and layered structure of estuarine circulation is because the bay width of Ariake Bay (20 km) is narrower than the external Rossby deformation radius (235 km) but wider than the internal Rossby deformation radius (3–5 km).     

Characterization of magnetic particles and magnetostratigraphic dating of shallow-water carbonates in the Ryukyu Islands, northwestern Pacific

Abstract   Characterization of magnetic particles, and magnetostratigraphic dating, of Holocene and Pleistocene shallow-water carbonates (the Ryukyu Group) in the Ryukyu Islands was carried out to infer the age of reef formation. Magnetic particles from these strata are dominated by fine-grained, single-domain magnetite/maghemite (40–140 nm in length). The magnetite crystals exhibit the size and morphologies characteristic of the magnetite formed by magnetotactic bacteria. No large multidomain grains were seen in transmission electron microscopy observations. The widespread presence of single-domain magnetite in the Ryukyu Islands suggests that bacterial magnetites carry depositional remanent magnetization, which is stable enough for magnetostratigraphic dating and thereby for elucidating the evolution of shallow-water carbonates. The polarity-reversal sequence seen in a core taken from the Ryukyu Group correlates with the timescale of the Matuyama chron, including the Jaramillo subchron, Kamikatsura or Santa Rosa Excursions, through the Brunhes chron. These magnetostratigraphic results imply that the time of reef initiation in the Ryukyu Islands of the northwestern Pacific was earlier than in the Great Barrier Reef of the southwestern Pacific, where it started after the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary.     

用X射线分析显微镜对海藻元素的研究Ⅲ. X射线分析显微镜引导下羊栖菜中含溴化合物的分离

本研究采用了一种新的元素检测方法,即用X射线分析显微镜来引导分离羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiformis)中有机溴化合物。新鲜羊栖菜经提取、浓缩、洗脱等处理,所得洗脱液经冷冻干燥后,用X射线分析显微镜分析其元素组成。X射线荧光光谱得到的结果表明,这种检测方法十分有效,能够证实有机溴化合物在PVPP柱色谱中得到了有效的浓缩与分离。MALDI-TOFMS质谱显示存在两个有机溴化合物,分子量分别为330和554,质谱的同位素特征表明,每个有机溴化合物分子中分别含有一个溴原子。该有机溴化物具有以下的化学特征:水溶性较强,能够被PVPP柱吸附,而在弱碱条件下溶出;在水溶液中不太稳定,容易形成沉淀。该有机溴化物的紫外可见光谱特征具有多酚化合物的特点,并与海藻中的砷化物具有某种程度的相互作用。