基于土地利用现状数据库的土地利用遥感分类本底数据库建设——以山东省泰安市泰山区为例

遥感分类本底数据库和土地利用现状数据库在地类判别标准、精度要求、数据格式和原始底图等方面存在诸多一致性.基于土地利用现状数据库进行遥感分类本底库的建设,大大减少了数据矢量化和外业调查的工作量.由于大部分工作都可以通过计算机来完成,因此作业时间和人力物力投入相应减少,同时确保了遥感分类本底数据库的精度.     

TEQC软件用于GPS控制网数据质量检测的研究

在分析影响GPS观测数据质量和GAMIT/GLOBK数据处理质量评价标准的基础七,通过TEQC数据质量检测软件和基线解算质量控制指标,研究三级GPS大地控制网数据质量的检测方法,并以三级GPS大地控制网观测数据为例对观测数据进行检测和评定.     

The July 1974 solar events: A possible lower limit for microwave activity

The active region McMath 10433 was the source of several flares and radio outbursts during the early part of July 1974. This region was tracked continuously, for several periods during the month at 22.2 GHz using a telescope with a 4 beam. Comparison with the results obtained simultaneously with a normal 7 GHz solar patrol instrument indicate that there is important burst activity occurring at levels below the detection limit of normal solar patrol instruments. The time-development morphology of these bursts is similar to those normally observed and has enabled the simple events to be re-interpreted. A completely new type of event - the fast absorption - has also been recognized. The correlation of the microwave events with SPA events observed on VLF propagation is also discussed.Spending a sabbatical year at CRAAM, São Paulo, Brazil.     

贵州南部“半边街式”铅锌矿床地质特征及其成因探讨

贵州省南部地区是全国重要的汞、锑资源分布区。2000年由于产于上泥盆统中铅锌矿的陆续发现,贵州省地矿局启动了以铅锌资源评价和成矿规律研究为主的地质工作,目标是总结铅锌矿产出的地质特征和成矿规律。通过三年的研究认为,该区处扬子准地台、华南褶皱带和右江造山带交汇部位,受晚古生代初期发生的陆内裂谷活动影响,产生了一个与桂中台陷相连的大型沉积凹陷区—黔南台陷沉积区,形成了巨厚碳酸盐和碎屑岩沉积,产生了与裂陷盆地边缘同沉积断层活动有关的低温成矿作用,造成了在晚泥盆纪以前的地层中汞、锑、砷、金、铅锌等矿床沿同沉积断层密集分布。本文通过矿床特征总结和矿床成因探讨,建立了准同生沉积成矿作用模式,旨在为该区寻找这类矿床提供参考和借鉴作用。     

Mineralogy, geochemistry, and Nd isotope composition of the Rainbow hydrothermal field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Petrological, geochemical, and Nd isotopic analyses have been carried out on rock samples from the Rainbow vent field to assess the evolution of the hydrothermal system. The Rainbow vent field is an ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal system located on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge characterized by vigorous high-temperature venting (∼365°C) and unique chemical composition of fluids: high chlorinity, low pH and very high Fe, and rare earth element (REE) contents (Douville et al., Chemical Geology 184:37–48, 2002). Serpentinization has occurred under a low-temperature (<270°C) retrograde regime, later overprinted by a higher temperature sulfide mineralization event. Retrograde serpentinization reactions alone cannot reproduce the reported heat and specific chemical features of Rainbow hydrothermal fluids. The following units were identified within the deposit: (1) nonmineralized serpentinite, (2) mineralized serpentinite—stockwork, (3) steatite, (4) semimassive sulfides, and (5) massive sulfides, which include Cu-rich massive sulfides (up to 28wt% Cu) and Zn-rich massive sulfide chimneys (up to 5wt% Zn). Sulfide mineralization has produced significant changes in the sulfide-bearing rocks including enrichment in transition metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Co) and light REE, increase in the Co/Ni ratios comparable to those of mafic Cu-rich volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits and different ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotope ratios. Vent fluid chemistry data are indicative of acidic, reducing, and high temperature conditions at the subseafloor reaction zone where fluids undergo phase separation most likely under subcritical conditions (boiling). An explanation for the high chlorinity is not straightforward unless mixing with high salinity brine or direct contribution from a magmatic Cl-rich aqueous fluid is considered. This study adds new data, which, combined with the current knowledge of the Rainbow vent field, brings compelling evidence for the presence, at depth, of a magmatic body, most likely gabbroic, which provides heat and metals to the system. Co/Ni ratios proved to be good tools used to discriminate between rock units, degree of sulfide mineralization, and positioning within the hydrothermal system. Deeper units have Co/Ni <1 and subsurface and surface units have Co/Ni >1.     

酶法催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油的研究

以废物资源转化为宗旨,利用固定化脂肪酶催化餐饮废油与乙醇反应制备生物柴油,通过实验获得最佳酯化反应条件:反应温度47℃、有机溶剂为正己烷、醇油比3∶1,5次投加乙醇,酶用量为0.3g,反应时间32h时,生物柴油产率可达81%。     

北京市区春季燃烧源大气颗粒物的污染水平和影响因素

以大气中PM2.5和PM10为研究对象,于2005-03-13—25共7天的时间内,在中国地质大学(北京)测试楼顶、首钢焦化厂和首钢东门设立3个采样点进行采样监测。结果表明:PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的日变化呈现一定规律性,在不同时段PM2.5和PM10的质量浓度不尽相同,且变化较大,在特定时刻出现峰值,主要受污染源排放和气象因素的控制;PM2.5和PM10质量浓度随气温的升高而降低,这与高温有利于颗粒物扩散、低温容易形成逆温层有关;在一定的相对湿度范围内(以大气中水汽不发生重力沉降为界限),PM2.5和PM10质量浓度与相对湿度呈正相关关系;而当发生降水时,由于水滴的冲刷和附带作用,PM2.5和PM10质量浓度降低;PM2.5和PM10质量浓度与风级呈明显的负相关关系。通过北京市与国内8个省会城市的PM2.5和PM10质量浓度的对比,发现北京市PM2.5和PM10污染比较严重,PM2.5和PM10质量浓度分别超过了1996年中国制定的PM10排放标准和1997年美国EPA制定的PM2.5排放标准。     

伊宁吐拉苏火山盆地热液活动与金成矿关系

吐拉苏火山盆地中与金成矿有关的热液富含K^＋、Na^＋、F、SO4^2-和N2、O2等，是一种主要来源于岩浆．火山的热液，有大气水参于的次生热液．平均均一温度96～158℃，平均盐度0．26％～1．08％，热液活动深度0．26～0．67km，具有低温、低盐度、在地壳浅部活动的基本特征．热液活动生成围绕金矿体由内向外环状展布的黄英岩化、高级泥化、泥化和绿泥石碳酸盐化4个围岩蚀变带．与其有关的金成矿期分为原生沉积富集和次生热液交代蚀变2期，后者包括毒砂黄铁矿化、面状硅化、脉状硅化和绿泥石碳酸盐化4个成矿阶段．金富集成矿主要与黄英岩化蚀变带和面状硅化、脉状硅化2个成矿阶段密切相关．     

贵州大方县公鸡山地裂缝特征成因及防治

文章通过对贵州省大方县以公鸡山地裂隙实地调查，认为地裂隙的形成主要与公鸡山一带地下采煤有关。即采煤虚脱，沿先存构造断裂拉张而成。同时叙述了地裂缝特征及危害，并提出防灾减灾措施。     

论县级气象行政执法存在的问题

对县级执法环境，执法主体的薄弱环节以及存在的向题进行探讨，从而明确县级执法主体开展行政执法的思路，有助于县级气象行政执法工作的顺利开展。