南海北部全新世早期低钙事件及其古气候解释

碳酸盐旋回是南海晚更新世以来的最重要沉积特征之一，它受控于表层海水生产率、陆源物质的稀释作用以及深水对碳酸盐的溶解作用。南海北部碳酸钙百分含量主要受控于陆源物质对碳酸盐的稀释作用，即海平面低位时陆源碎屑经过陆架进入较深海域增多，也称稀释旋回。对西沙海槽北侧陆坡柱状样高分辨率研究后发现，在冰消期，低海平面时期存在高碳酸钙，而在冰后期的早中期，6～8ka B．P．的高海平面时期，却存在短暂的碳酸盐含量急剧下降的过程，即低钙事件，产生这种短暂的碳酸钙与其旋回性不吻合的现象应该是降雨量变化造成。在冰消期，出现干旱，陆源物质减少，而早中全新世的雨量，尤其是具较强冲刷能力的大雨量急剧增加。造成北部海南岛和华南陆地的冲刷增强，陆源物质供给增加，从而出现低钙事件。     

矿井瞬变电磁法多匝小回线装置电感效应的理论研究

由于线圈的自感耦合作用,使瞬变电磁早期时间道信号严重失真。为研究瞬变电磁早期信号的特性,讨论多匝线圈与单匝线圈的自感系数的关系,得出线圈自感信号振幅的理论表达式,并推导出单匝和多匝回线的电感公式。分析瞬变电磁发射回线等效回路的暂态过程及感应电动势的产生和衰减规律。影响早期信号的因素为线圈自感信号,它的衰减不仅与时间有关,而且与等效回路的材料有关。该项研究对进一步研究瞬变电磁早期场的附加效应打下了基础,同时为提取早期数据的研究提供参考。     

南海北部大陆架现代礁源碳酸盐与陆源碎屑的混合沉积作用

在南海北部大陆架陆源碎屑沉积占优势的背景上，在珊瑚岸礁和堡礁周围，广泛发育着礁源碳酸盐和陆源碎屑组成的混合沉积。它们以砂屑、砂砾屑结构为主并含有生物格架结构。混合沉积的形成条件是具备碳酸盐和硅质碎屑两类物源，活跃的水动力，干湿交替的气候，此外，海平面的相对波动，也会造成积极的影响。混合沉积方式有随机式、相变式和随机 - 相变式等三种。混合沉积体常是多种混合方式交替、叠加而成的沉积复合体。礁源与陆源混合沉积相模式是从岸礁 - 堡礁相模式基础上发展而来，按沉积相和沉积结构可以分为五种混合沉积：1)礁基混积岩和礁格架混积岩，2）礁坪砂砾屑混积岩，3）礁后海滩 - 沙堤砾砂屑混合沉积，4）礁后泻湖砂屑混合沉积和5）礁前（翼）浅海砂屑混合沉积。礁源与陆源混合沉积的鉴别标志是珊瑚骨屑和岩屑各占10 - 50 ％，其它生物碎屑不计。南海大陆架现代混合沉积是一个典型的实例，可为全面研究现代南海沉积学和比较沉积学提供依据。     

Screen and effect analysis of immunostimulants for sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal's coelomic fluid was significantly stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day 1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection (P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus.     

Distribution and Ecological Risk Assessment of HCHs and DDTs in Surface Seawater and Sediment of the Mariculture Area of Jincheng Bay,China

The distribution of hexachlorocyclohexanes(HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs) in the surface seawater and sediment of Jincheng Bay mariculture area were investigated in the present study. The concentration of total HCHs and DDTs ranged from 2.98 to 14.87 ng L-1 and were 0.032 ng L-1, respectively, in surface seawater, and ranged from 5.52 to 9.43 and from 4.11 to 6.72 ng g-1, respectively, in surface sediment. It was deduced from the composition profile of HCH isomers and DDT congeners that HCH residues derived from a mixture of technical-grade HCH and lindane whereas the DDT residues derived from technical-grade DDT and dicofol. Moreover, both HCH and DDT residues may mainly originate from historical inputs. The hazard quotient of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH to marine species was 0.030, 0.157, 3.008 and 0.008, respectively. It was estimated that the overall probability of adverse biological effect from HCHs was less than 5%, indicating that its risk to seawater column species was low. The threshold effect concentration exceeding frequency of γ-HCH, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT in sediment ranged from 8.3% to 100%, and the relative concentration of the HCH and DDT mixture exceeded their probable effect level in sediment. These findings indicated that the risk to marine benthos was high and potentially detrimental to the safety of aquatic products, e.g., sea cucumber and benthic shellfish.     

Determination of ice thickness, subice topography and ice vol-ume at Glacier No. 1 in Tien Shan, China by ground penetrating radar

We describe a radio-echo sounding (RES) survey for the determination of ice thickness, subglacial topography and ice volume of Glacier No. 1 , in Tien Shan, China, using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Radar data were collected with 100-MHz antennas that were spaced at 4 m with a step size of 8 m. The images produced from radar survey clearly show the continuity of bedrock echoes and the undulation features of the bedrock surface. Radar results show that the maximum ice thickness of Glacier No. 1 is 133 m, the thickness of the east branch of Glacier No. 1 averages at 58. 77 m while that of the west branch of Glacier No. 1 averages at 44. 84 m. Calculation on ice volume indicates that the ice volume of the east branch of Glacier No. 1 is 51. 87 × 106 m3 and that of the west branch of Glacier No. 1 is 20. 21 × 106 m3. The amplitude of the undulation of the bedrock surface topography revealed by radar profiles is larger than that of the glacier surface topography, indicating that the surface relief does     

The relationship between cyanobacteria and environmental factors in the Bering Sea

During the first Chinese Scientific Expedition to the Arctic in July - September 1999, cyanobacteria in the Bering Sea were measured by epifluorescence microscopy. Cyanobacterial abundance varied from 0 to 7. 93 × 103 cell/ml and decreased along a northerly directed latitudinal gradient in horizontal distribution. Cyanobacteria did not occur at station Bl - 12 (north of 60 °N). Vertically, high cya-nobacterial abundance appeared in the upper 25 - 50 m and decreased rapidly below 50 m. There were no cyanobacteria at the 150 m. Seawater temperature and NH4+ -N are suggested to affect the distribution of cyanobacteria.     

Study on engineering geological stability of rock mass at Shanmen silver deposit

The natural balance conditions will be disturbed and produce a series of problems when mineral deposit has mined.This paper has researched the engineering rock masses have been researched in this study,structural planes,the distribution characteristics of tectonic geological factors and the stability of engineering structures according to the theory and research methods of rock mechanics,it will provide the engineering geological evidence for mining area exploited,meanwhile pledge the safety production.Shanmen silver deposit is a large epithermal deposit,it is controlled by NE to NNE strike faults.The stability of rock mass is acted on the tectonic movement and hot metalliferous brine in long-term.Especially,strength of rock mass becomes softened,muddy and loosed under the action of water,so the lower stability of rock mass is,the easier it can take place for harm of disaster threatening production safe of mining.For this reason,it is very important that drawing up a plan to lower harm for mine and protect.     

Toxic effects of Karenia mikimotoi extracts on mammalian cells

Karenia is one of the most harmful and representative red tide genus in a temperate zone. Blooms caused by this genus have resulted in massive fish death in the South China Sea and the East China Sea. However, the potential effects of this dinoflagellate on human health through the transfer of toxins via marine food webs, and the mechanisms of toxicity, are still unknown. Therefore, we examined the toxic effects of a strain of K. mikimotoi (isolated from the South China Sea) on the proliferation and morphol...     

Cloning,characterization,and expression analysis of the DEAD-box family genes,Fc-vasa and Fc-PL10a,in Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis)

RNA helicases of the DEAD-box and related families are involved in various cellular processes including DNA replication,DNA repair,and RNA processing.However,the function of DEAD-box proteins in aquaculture species is poorly understood at molecular level.We obtained the full-length cDNA sequences of two genes encoding helicase-related proteins,Fc-vasa and Fc-PL10a,from the testes of Chinese shrimp,Fenneropenaeus chinensis.The two predicted amino acid sequences contain all the conserved motifs characterized ...