Types and Distribution of Geological Hazards in the South China Sea

Various types of geological hazards exist in the South China Sea. In dynamics sense, they can be categorized into 5 principal genetic types related to effects of hydraulic dynamics, gaseous activity, soil mechanics, gravity and tectonism, respectively. Integrated analyses indicate that the geological hazards associated with volcanoes, earthquakes and fractures are mainly distributed in tectonically active regions, whereas those resulting from mudflows, landslides and diapirs are usually concentrated in the region of slope, that shallow gas, high pressure gas pockets and soft intercalations are major potential geological hazards in the inner shelf, and that strong hydraulic dynamics, especially storm tide, is one of the major causes of geological hazards in the littoral areas. The geological hazards that occurred in the South China Sea are also characterized by periodicity, succession and, to a certain extent, unpredictability in addition to regionalization.     

东海大陆架地貌分区

根据第一海洋地质调查大队丰富的调查资料和已有成果,对东海大陆架初步划分了12个地貌单元,从空间上、时间上探讨三角洲、古滨海平原等地貌发育史,首次提出东海陆架上发育有特殊的构造地貌单元——断陷盆地,进一步确定古河口湾沙脊群的范围。     

下扬子区中、古生界油气前景

本文以世界海相碳酸盐岩油气田为借鉴,论述了下扬子区中、古生界海相碳酸盐岩油气地质特点,进而指出了下扬子区油气前景和油气勘探领域。     

The influence of main ecological and environmental factors on the energy budget of Schlegel’s black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

In the Maidao Ecological Laboratory of the Huanghai Sea Fisheries Research Institute in 1998~2000, the continuous flow-through method was adopted to determine the energy budget components and models of Schlegel’s black rockfish under different ecological and environmental factors, such as temperature, food species, body mass and feeding level, etc. The body mass of test fish ranged from 21.2 to 224.5 g. The specific growth rate tended to invert "U" change with temperature increase. The ecological conversion efficiency showed the same trend as temperature and feeding level rise. Only the specific growth rate tended to decelerate the increment with the rise of feeding level. From the above quantitative relationships, the maximum and optimal growth temperatures could be obtained as 17.5 and 16.2 ℃, and the maintenance feeding rate and optimum feeding rate as 0.8% and 4.1% of the body mass. The specific growth rate and ecological conversion coefficient showed a decelerating decrease trend with body mass increment. The small-sized fish food was more advantageous to the feeding level increase in comparison with the small-sized shrimp food, which led to the increase of growth, metabolism and excretion, but had no significant influence on the ecological conversion coefficient. All of temperature, feeding level, body mass and food species can obviously change the energy budget models. The assigning rate of growth energy tended to change along the invert "U" curve with the increase of temperature and feeding level, and decrease with the body mass increase, but the assigning rates of metabolism energy and excretion energy were quite reverse. These relationships could be quantitatively described as quadratic or power function curve. If the above relationships proved true to other marine fish, the establishment of energy budget model of the same fish under different conditions can be largely simplified.     

Application of the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA as a molecular marker to population analysis in farrer’s scallop Chlamys farreri

1 IntroductionFarrer’s scallopChlamys farreriis a nativescallop species occurring along the northern coast ofChina, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK), Korea and Japan (Wang et al., 1993).It has been one of the major species in scallop aqua…     

Permeability Heterogeneity in a Fractured Sandstone–Mudstone Rock Mass in Xiaolangdi Dam Site, Central China

Abstract: Heterogeneity of permeability in fractured media is a hot research topic in hydrogeology. Numerous approaches have been proposed to characterize heterogeneity in the last several decades. However, little attention has been paid to correlate permeability heterogeneity with geological information. In the present study, several causes of permeability heterogeneity, that is, lithology, tectonism, and depth, are identified. The unit absorption values (denoted as ω), which are results obtained from the packer test, are employed to represent permeability. The variability of permeability in sandstone–mudstone is so significant that the value of unit absorptions span 3–4 orders of magnitude at any depth with several test sections. By declustering, it has been found that under a similar tectonic history, the means of permeability differ greatly at different formations as a result of different mudrock contents. It has also been found that in the same formation, permeability can be significantly increased as a result of faulting. The well-known phenomenon, the decrease in permeability with depth, is found to be caused by the fractures in the rock mass, and the relationship between permeability and depth can be established in the form of logω–logd. After subtracting the trend of ω with absolute depth, the mean of the residual value at each relative depth can be well correlated with the distribution of mudstone. The methods proposed in this paper can be utilized to research in similar study areas.     

万安盆地中部坳陷——一个巨大的富生烃坳陷

万安盆地位于万安断裂西侧, 是一个大型的走滑拉张盆地.其中部坳陷为富生烃坳陷, 发育有渐新统湖沼相、海湾相泥岩和下中新统浅海相泥岩2套主要烃源岩, 渐新统烃源岩具有良好的生烃潜力, 下中新统烃源岩次之.万安盆地的油气藏主要分布于中部坳陷及其相邻的西北断阶带、北部隆起和中部隆起, 而在北部坳陷、南部坳陷和东部隆起上仅见油气显示.研究表明, 万安盆地这种油气分布特征明显地受中部富生烃坳陷所控制.      

1998年夏季地震、地温场演变与洪涝过程分析

基于地震、土壤温度和降水资料,从地球系统各圈层相互作用的观点分析了1998年夏季长江和嫩江流域特大洪涝灾害的成因,探讨了地球固体圈层热力活动对大气圈异常事件的激发作用. 分析表明深层(3.2m)土壤温度场与同期降水场的分布有很好的一致性,同时降水过程对下垫面脉冲性热扰动有较为敏感的响应. 文中还讨论了土壤热力异常影响大气降水的物理机制.     

一维波动方程波阻抗反演的同伦方法

文中从地震勘探一维波动方程反问题出发,研究了一种反演地层参数的同伦方法,该方法把非线性方程组的求解转化成常微分方程初值问题的数值求解,从而给出一种稳定的计算速度快、抗噪能力强的全局收敛的反演方法．理论模型和实例试算的结果表明了同伦方法是一种有效的反演算法,特别适用于非线性、多极值的地球物理反演问题,在地球物理非线性反演中具有广泛的应用前景．     

论核工程选址中的弥散地震

弥散地震评价是核工程选址中地震安全性评价的重要内容之一。文中在分析弥散地震涵义的基础上,论述了弥散地震评价中地震构造区划分的原则和依据、弥散地震确定的方法和技术途径等关键性技术内容