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61.
Yasuko Mizoguchi Yukio Yasuda Yoshikazu Ohtani Tsutomu Watanabe Yuji Kominami Katsumi Yamanoi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,115(3-4):583-589
Although accurately evaluating photosynthetically active radiation is important, much effort is required to measure this radiation using a quantum sensor. We develop a new model that makes estimates using only general meteorological data—solar radiation, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and relative humidity. Root mean square deviations for eight datasets at five sites in Japan were smaller than 5.2 %, similar to error in other studies and to individual differences of quantum sensors. Most root mean square deviations of nine previous models and our eight datasets are larger than that of the new estimation model, which performed well. This suggests that the model is useful for estimating photosynthetically active radiation in a temperate, humid area of Japan. 相似文献
62.
Masaya Toyokawa Kaoru Aoki Satoshi Yamada Akira Yasuda Yusuke Murata Tomohiko Kikuchi 《Journal of Oceanography》2011,67(2):209-218
We surveyed the distribution of colonies of polyps of Aurelia
aurita sensu lato (s.l.) in Mikawa Bay, Japan. First, we surveyed the distribution of ephyrae of A. aurita s.l. at 75 stations encompassing the whole of Mikawa Bay in early 2008. A total of 37 ephyrae were sampled mostly from fishing
ports. Ephyrae were most abundant around the islands located near the mouth of the bay, and decreased from the western part
to the eastern part of Mikawa Bay. Next, we selected five fishing ports in Mikawa Bay where ephyrae occurred and surveyed
the underside of floating piers and underwater overhangs of wharfs. We found dense colonies of polyps of A. aurita s.l. under nearly all of the floating piers at the two islands located near the mouth of the bay. Fitting a logistic regression
model to the dataset showed that the percentage coverage of Aurelia polyps was significantly greater at the two islands compared with the other locations. In addition, the coverage of Aurelia polyps was greater when the coverage of other fouling organisms was in the range of 65–90%, and the coverage of Aurelia polyps was lower on floating piers with a vinyl surface and on concrete wharfs. The combined distribution of polyp colonies
of A. aurita s.l. in Ise Bay and Mikawa Bay suggested that A. aurita s.l. in the two bays probably forms a single population and shoals of medusae mainly originate from protected harbors along the
mouth-part of the bays. 相似文献
63.
To explore the causes of the winter shallow mixed layer and high sea surface temperature (SST) along the strong Kuroshio jet
from the East China Sea to the upstream Kuroshio extension (25.5°N–150°E) during 1988–1994 when the Japanese sardine stocks
collapsed, high-resolution ocean general circulation model (OGCM) hindcast data are analyzed with a bulk mixed layer model
which traces particles at the mixed layer base. The shallow mixed layer and high SST along the Kuroshio jet are mainly caused
by the acceleration of the Kuroshio current velocity and the reduction of the surface cooling. Because the acceleration reduces
the time during which the mixed layer is exposed to wintertime cooling, deepening and cooling of the winter mixed layer are
restricted. The weaker surface cooling due to less severe meteorological forcing also causes the shallow mixed layer and the
high SST. The impact of the strong heat transport along the Kuroshio extends to the southern recirculation gyre of the Kuroshio/Kuroshio
extension regions; previous indications that the Japanese sardine recruitment is correlated with the winter SST and the mixed
layer depth (MLD) in the Kuroshio extension recirculation region could be related to the velocity, SST, and MLD near the Kuroshio
axis which also could affect the variability of North Pacific subtropical water. 相似文献
64.
Naoteru Gouda Takuji Tsujimoto Yukiyasu Kobayashi Tadashi Nakajima Naoki Yasuda Hideo Matsuhara 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,280(1-2):89-94
JASMINE is the name of a Japanese infrared (K-band) scanning astrometric satellite. JASMINE (I and/or II-project) is planned to be launched between 2013 and 2017 and will
measure parallaxes and proper motions with the precision of 10μas at K≃ 12 - 15 mag. JASMINE will observe a few hundred million stars belonging to the disk and the bulge components of our Galaxy,
which are hidden by the interstellar dust extinction in optical bands. Furthermore, JASMINE will also obtain photometry of
stars in K, J and H-bands. The main objective of JASMINE is to study the most fundamental structure and evolution of the disk and the bulge components
of the Milky Way Galaxy.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
65.
Shinya Shimokawa Tomokazu Murakami Satoshi Iizuka Jun Yoshino Takashi Yasuda 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(3):2037-2052
We developed the new typhoon bogussing scheme to obtain the possible maximum typhoon approaching any region under any climatic conditions by using a potential vorticity inversion method. Numerical simulations with the new typhoon bogussing scheme are conducted for assessment of storm surges by possible maximum typhoons under the present-day and global warming climatic conditions in Ise and Tokyo Bays in Japan. The results suggest that the storm tide higher than the maximum storm tide in recorded history can occur in Ise and Tokyo Bays even for the present-day climate and the storm tide higher than the design sea level can cause severe damage to Nagoya and Tokyo megacities, in particular, airport facilities in Ise Bay for the global warming climate. These results suggest that the new typhoon bogussing scheme we developed is useful for assessment of impacts of storm surge by the possible maximum typhoons. 相似文献
66.
Jean-Pierre Lefebvre Sylvain Ouillon Vu Duy Vinh Robert Arfi Jean-Yves Panché Xavier Mari Chu Van Thuoc Jean-Pascal Torréton 《Geo-Marine Letters》2012,32(2):103-121
In the Bach Dang–Cam Estuary, northern Vietnam, mechanisms governing cohesive sediment aggregation were investigated in situ
in 2008–2009. As part of the Red River delta, this estuary exhibits a marked contrast in hydrological conditions between the
monsoon and dry seasons. The impact on flocculation processes was assessed by means of surveys of water discharge, suspended
particulate matter concentration and floc size distributions (FSDs) conducted during a tidal cycle at three selected sites
along the estuary. A method was developed for calculating the relative volume concentration for the modes of various size
classes from FSDs provided by the LISST 100X (Sequoia Scientific Inc.). It was found that all FSDs comprised four modes identified
as particles/flocculi, fine and coarse microflocs, and macroflocs. Under the influence of the instantaneous turbulent kinetic
energy, their proportions varied but without significant modification of their median diameters. In particular, when the turbulence
level corresponded to a Kolmogorov microscale of less than ∼235 μm, a major breakup of flocs resulted in the formation of
particles/flocculi and fine microflocs. Fluctuations in turbulence level were governed by seasonal variations in freshwater
discharge and by the tidal cycle. During the wet season, strong freshwater input induced a high turbulent energy level that
tended to generate sediment transfer from the coarser size classes (macroflocs, coarse microflocs) to finer ones (particles/flocculi
and fine microflocs), and to promote a transport of sediment seawards. During the dry season, the influence of tides predominated.
The turbulent energy level was then only episodically sufficiently high to generate transfer of sediment between floc size
classes. At low turbulent energy, modifications in the proportions of floc size classes were due to differential settling.
Tidal pumping produced a net upstream transport of sediment. Associated with the settling of sediment trapped in a near-bed
layer at low turbulent energy, this causes the silting up of the waterways leading to the harbour of Haiphong. 相似文献
67.
Michael Rowan-Robinson Tom Babbedge Seb Oliver Markos Trichas Stefano Berta Carol Lonsdale Gene Smith David Shupe Jason Surace Stephane Arnouts Olivier Ilbert Olivier Le Févre Alejandro Afonso-Luis Ismael Perez-Fournon Evanthia Hatziminaoglou Mari Polletta Duncan Farrah Mattia Vaccari 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,386(2):697-714
68.
69.
Marijan Herak Ivo Allegretti Davorka Herak Krešimir Kuk Vlado Kuk Krešimir Marić Snježana Markušić Josip Stipčević 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(3):483-499
Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) of ambient vibrations measured in the ancient town of Ston (Croatia) on 99 locations, are shown to be well matched to the theoretical ones computed for body-waves as well as for the surface waves. This match is poorer for sites on the slopes of nearby hills. The ratios of measured peak horizontal ground acceleration during the damaging earthquake in 1996 (M L = 6.0) and the ones obtained using empirical attenuation laws is approximately equal to the mapped value of the dynamic amplification factor determined on the basis of observed HVSR in the vicinity of the accelerometric station. The HVSR of the accelerogram is very similar to the HVSR of the ambient noise. The damage to the building stock in the old town centre caused by the earthquake series of 1996 is closely related to the estimated soil amplification and its fundamental frequency. More measurements in buildings are needed to arrive at confident conclusions about possible soil-structure resonance. 相似文献
70.
Alejandro Carrillo Pablo Huq Mari C. Pérez José M. Redondo 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of the marine picoplanktic cyanobacteria population and mixing conditions were found in the Ebro River estuary outflow to the Mediterranean Sea in Spain. Six sampling surveys were undertaken between July 1999 and February 2000 for distances up to 15 km from the river mouth. Measurements were taken of flow velocity, salinity, temperature, depth and picocyanobacteria (PCB) abundances. Gradient Richardson (Rig) and Reynolds (Re) numbers were determined to evaluate hydrodynamics. In summer, large values of Rig arise from the small flow rates, and small values of velocity shear between the surface fresh water layer and the bottom saline layer; conversely, in winter the large flow rates and attendant large velocity shears between the layers give rise to small values of Rig. Flow conditions in the fall are an intermediate case between the summer and winter cases. Vertical abundance distributions were resolved through the river water, interfacial region, and the bottom salt wedge; longitudinal gradients of PCB abundances were also resolved. Seasonal differences in the PCB abundance values were observed. Analysis of cell numbers (C) showed that the variable dC/dS, the dependence of cell number upon salinity gradient (dS) was critical. A non-dimensional number; the cellular gradient number (Cg) is introduced. Cg has useful biological interpretations that can potentially be included in ecological modeling. For example, Cg = 1 pertains to perfect adaptability of the organism to adjust to changing environmental conditions, whereas Cg = 0 describes total mortality. For a system with strong advection there is insufficient time for cells to adapt to the changing environment, and so those cell counts are unchanged. This is the case for the Ebro estuary in winter as advection of salinity (and hence PCB abundance) dominates the other loss processes for large flow rates. 相似文献