滇黔桂“金三角”地区晚三叠世地层碎屑物源示踪

三叠系是滇黔桂分布最广泛的岩系,赋存卡林型金矿等各种低温矿产。在前人研究基础上,运用LA-ICP-MS分析技术,对滇黔桂"金三角"地区的碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb测年。结果显示,大部分锆石具岩浆环带,Th/U值大于0.4,锆石U-Pb年龄集中在308~396 Ma、440~680 Ma、727~930 Ma、1004~1266 Ma、1400~1880 Ma、2360~2724 Ma六个区段。通过对比研究区及周围地块的碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,结合研究区岩相古地理、古海流及古流向,综合分析认为,研究区物源以越北古陆为主,同时湘粤桂构造山系和云开地区也可能提供了部分物源。该物源印证了古特提斯洋在印支期逐渐闭合,华南陆块与印支地块沿松马缝合带发生碰撞。     

A Machine Learning-based Cloud Detection Algorithm for the Himawari-8 Spectral Image

Cloud Masking is one of the most essential products for satellite remote sensing and downstream applications. This study develops machine learning-based (ML-based) cloud detection algorithms using spectral observations for the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) onboard the Himawari-8 geostationary satellite. Collocated active observations from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) are used to provide reference labels for model development and validation. We introduce both daytime and nighttime algorithms that differ according to whether solar band observations are included, and the artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF) techniques are adopted for comparison. To eliminate the influences of surface conditions on cloud detection, we introduce three models with different treatments of the surface. Instead of developing independent ML-based algorithms, we add surface variables in a binary way that enhances the ML-based algorithm accuracy by ~5%. Validated against CALIOP observations, we find that our daytime RF-based algorithm outperforms the AHI operational algorithm by improving the accuracy of cloudy pixel detection by ~5%, while at the same time, reducing misjudgment by ~3%. The nighttime model with only infrared observations is also slightly better than the AHI operational product but may tend to overestimate cloudy pixels. Overall, our ML-based algorithms can serve as a reliable method to provide cloud mask results for both daytime and nighttime AHI observations. We furthermore suggest treating the surface with a set of independent variables for future ML-based algorithm development.     

在舆情热点中开展防震减灾科普的思考

防震减灾科普工作应与时俱进,在舆论引导中体现更大作用,在舆情治理中承担更多责任。本文认为防震减灾科普具有重要的舆论引导作用。一是舆情热点为防震减灾科普提供了契机。二是舆情热点为防震减灾科普提供了内容。本文从3个方面提出了防震减灾科普的舆论引导策略。一是合理设置科普议程,掌握舆论引导主动权 ;二是借力新媒体传播技术,有意识地引导舆论;三是打好 “组合拳” ,形成舆论引导最大合力。本文认为应在舆情热点中积极主动做好防震减灾科普宣传,创新传播形式、方法,巧妙设置议程,全时空覆盖,全社会参与,构建政府、媒体和公众信息互通的良性舆论场,增强社会公众的风险意识和防灾减灾能力,真正筑牢风险防控的人民防线。     

基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟

以点电源和线电源为例,叙述了基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟过程。通过对COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS正演模拟解与理论值的对比分析,验证了应用COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS进行直流电法正演模拟的正确性与可行性。鉴于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS强大的剖分求解功能及丰富的后处理操作,可以快速、准确实现正演模拟,其在地球物理正演模拟中的应用的研究意义重大。     

南沙地块内破裂不整合与碰撞不整合的构造分析

廷贾断裂以东的南沙地块与南海北部陆缘共轭,因此其构造过程研究对认识整个南海的构造演化具有重要意义.地震资料和区域构造背景分析揭示,破裂不整合面(BU)和碰撞不整合面(CU)是控制南沙地块内盆地演化的骨架界面;为了揭示南沙地块内的主要构造过程,本文利用地震剖面分析和数值模拟的方法,侧重对两个重要界面开展构造分析.结果显示:南沙地块内的破裂不整合面(BU)存在穿时现象,在地块东侧的礼乐盆地时代为T60(约23.8 Ma),而在地块西侧的北康和南薇西盆地内,BU时代为T40(约16 Ma),与碰撞不整合面重合.碰撞不整合面在南沙地块东部也为16 Ma左右.碰撞之后的几个构造界面时代比较一致,而之前的张裂事件界面可能也有穿时性.深度与空盆构造沉降速率一阶拟合结果显示,南沙地块中西部从Tg以后就表现出伴随前陆作用的岩石圈挠曲,90N09剖面和94N07剖面上,前隆的高度逐渐增高,并在16 Ma的层面上表现出最大的前隆高度,之后减弱;整体上挠曲程度西强东弱,且挠曲形态也存在很大差异,推测与岩石圈强度、俯冲的古南海洋壳宽度和陆陆接触的先后顺序等因素有关.     

二次判别函数在油气水层解释中的应用

在油田的勘探与开发过程中,每口井完钻后都要进行油矿地球物理的测井工作,以确定井下地质剖面的岩石学类别,划分出渗透性和非渗透性地层,并指出渗透性地层中所含的是油、气或是水。     

Long-term deforestation in NW Spain: linking the Holocene fire history to vegetation change and human activities

The Holocene fire regime is thought to have had a key role in deforestation and shrubland expansion in Galicia (NW Spain) but the contribution of past societies to vegetation burning remains poorly understood. This may be, in part, due to the fact that detailed fire records from areas in close proximity to archaeological sites are scarce. To fill this gap, we performed charcoal analysis in five colluvial soils from an archaeological area (Campo Lameiro) and compared the results to earlier studies from this area and palaeo-ecological literature from NW Spain. This analysis allowed for the reconstruction of the vegetation and fire dynamics in the area during the last ca 11 000 yrs. In the Early Holocene, Fabaceae and Betula sp. were dominant in the charcoal record. Quercus sp. started to replace these species around 10 000 cal BP, forming a deciduous forest that prevailed during the Holocene Thermal Maximum until ～5500 cal BP. Following that, several cycles of potentially fire-induced forest regression with subsequent incomplete recovery eventually led to the formation of an open landscape dominated by shrubs (Erica sp. and Fabaceae). Major episodes of forest regression were (1) ～5500–5000 cal BP, which marks the mid-Holocene cooling after the Holocene Thermal Maximum, but also the period during which agropastoral activities in NW Spain became widespread, and (2) ～2000–1500 cal BP, which corresponds roughly to the end of the Roman Warm Period and the transition from the Roman to the Germanic period. The low degree of chronological precision, which is inherent in fire history reconstructions from colluvial soils, made it impossible to distinguish climatic from human-induced fires. Nonetheless, the abundance of synanthropic pollen indicators (e.g. Plantago lanceolata and Urtica dioica) since at least ～6000 cal BP strongly suggests that humans used fire to generate and maintain pasture.