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91.
Ireneusz Sobota Piotr Weckwerth Marcin Nowak 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(2):360-376
This study investigated the surge dynamics of Aavatsmarkbreen, a glacier in Svalbard and its geomorphological impact based on remote sensing data and field observations. The main objective was to analyse and classify subglacial and supraglacial landforms in the context of glacial deformation and basal sliding over a thin layer of thawed, water‐saturated deposits. The study also focused on the geomorphological evidence of surge‐related sub‐ and supraglacial crevassing and glacier front fracturing. From 2006 to 2013, the average recession of Aavatsmarkbreen was 363 m (52 m a−1). A subsequent surge during 2013–2015 resulted in a substantial advance of the glacier front of over 1 km and an increase in its surface area of more than 2 km2. The surface of Aavatsmarkbreen was severely fractured. Significant ice‐flow acceleration was noted whereby the highest surface velocity reached 4.9 m day−1. The ephemeral water‐escape structures and mini‐flutings on the fine‐grained till surface that formed during the surge are indicative of high subglacial pore‐water pressure and enhanced basal sliding. Two genetic types of clast pavements occur in the marginal zone of Aavatsmarkbreen. The results of this study will help to constrain glaciological and geomorphological processes involved in surge phenomena. Understanding the scale and effects of these processes provides insight into the behaviour of fast‐flowing glaciers and ice streams and reveals their relationships with external factors. 相似文献
92.
Non‐normality and induced plastic anisotropy under fractional plastic flow rule: a numerical study
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In this paper, an implementation of fractional plastic flow rule in the framework of implicit and explicit procedures is under consideration. The fractional plastic flow rule is obtained from a generalisation of the classical plastic flow rule utilising fractional calculus. The key feature of this new concept is that in general, the non‐associative flow is obtained without necessity of additional potential assumption. If needed, the model can cover the anisotropy induced by plastic deformation. Illustrative examples showing the unusual flexibility of this model are also presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
The anelastic nonhydrostatic model EULAG is a candidate for the future dynamical core of a numerical weather prediction model.
Achieving such an objective requires a number of experiments focused on testing correctness of the solutions and robustness
of the solver. In the spirit of this idea, a set of tests related to standard atmospheric problems was performed, of which
the two regarding development and evolution of a supercell were employed as benchmarks of moist dynamics of the model. Their
results are discussed in this paper. Development and evolution of a stormsystem with a set of characteristic features such
as stormsplitting along with the generation of horizontal vorticity and cold pool formation is investigated. In addition,
the influence of domain geometry, boundary conditions and subgrid-scale mixing is examined. 相似文献
94.
Rhodamine B and Rhodamine WT are fluorescent dyes commonly used as tracers in hydrological investigations. Since introducing
intensely red substances into rivers raises understandable doubts of ecological nature, the authors aimed at examining the
influence of these dyes on small water fauna using bioindication methods. Quantitative results, calculated with the use of
Bliss-Weber probit statistical method, were achieved by means of standardized ecotoxicological tests containing ready-to-hatch
resting forms of fairy shrimp (Thamnocephalus platyurus). Qualitative studies included observation of water flea crustacean (Daphnia magna) and horned planorbis snail (Planorbis corneus), both typically present in rivers and representative for temperate climate, as well as guppy fish (Poecilla reticulata), paramecium protozoan (Paramaecium caudatum) and the above-mentioned fairy shrimp. The investigation revealed that both dyes in concentrations used for hydrological
purposes are low enough to exert almost no toxic impact on water fauna considered. 相似文献
95.
Marcin Słowik 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1277-1295
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements have been conducted to retrace the natural course of the Obra River and changes of spatial extent of Obrzańskie Lake (western Poland). The Obra River valley was subjected to intensive anthropogenic transformation. Three artificial canals were constructed here in the beginning of the nineteenth century. The GPR surveys were done using a georadar MALA ProEx equipped with 250 MHz antenna. The measurement was verified by coring and analyses of historical maps, aerial photographs, and satellite images. The research has shown that there are at least three elongated depressions preserved in the modern land surface near the village of Solec, situated in the middle course of the valley. Several structures suggesting functioning of a multi-channel pattern in the past have been detected inside and in the vicinity of the depressions. Filling the channels with silts and peats might have been the effect of flow deceleration caused by the construction of the Obra Canals. Moreover, situation of two of the retraced depressions suggests that the landforms might be the remains of a river bed disappearing in wetlands. Further studies including groundwater flux measurements in the area between the depressions are needed to confirm such hypothesis. Furthermore, the study allowed retracing the spatial extent of Obrzańskie Lake. The sediment structures detected by the GPR measurements and calibrated with coring were interpreted to be the traces of the lake shoreline. The interpretation was supported by the findings inferred from aerial and satellite images. It was shown that Obrzańskie Lake had had at least three islands and had been directly connected with a network of braided channels before the anthropogenic intervention. The spatial extent of the lake was significantly altered by the construction of the North Obra Canal. Disconnecting the lake from the Canal resulted in more than 50 % decrease of the lake surface. 相似文献
96.
We present an algorithm of finding numerical solutions of pulsar equation. The problem of finding the solutions was reduced
to finding expansion coefficients of the source term of the equation in a base of orthogonal functions defined on the unit
interval by minimizing a multi-variable mismatch function defined on the light cylinder. We applied the algorithm to Scharlemann
and Wagoner boundary conditions by which a smooth solution is reconstructed that by construction passes successfully the Gruzinov’s
test of the source function exponent.
相似文献
97.
98.
Marcin Szwagrzyk Dominik Kaim Bronwyn Price Agnieszka Wypych Ewa Grabska Jacek Kozak 《Natural Hazards》2018,94(1):227-240
Flooding is a major environmental hazard in Poland with risks that are likely to increase in the future. Land use and land cover (LULC) have a strong influencing on flood risk. In the Polish Carpathians, the two main projected land use change processes are forest expansion and urbanization. These processes have a contradictory impact on flood risk, which makes the future impact of LULC changes on flooding in the Carpathians hard to estimate. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the projected LULC changes on future flood risk in the Polish Carpathians for the test area of Ropa river basin. We used three models of spatially explicit future LULC scenarios for the year 2060. We conduct hydrological simulations for the current state and for the three projected land use scenarios (trend extrapolation, ‘liberalization’ and ‘self-sufficiency’). In addition, we calculated the amount of flood-related monetary losses, based on the current flood plain area and both actual and projected land use maps under each of the three scenarios. The results show that in the Ropa river, depending on scenario, either peak discharge decreases due to the forest expansion or the peak discharge remains constant—the impact of LULC changes on the hydrology of such mountainous basins is relatively low. However, the peak discharges are very diverse across sub-catchments within the modeling area. Despite the overall decrease of peak discharge, there are areas of flow increase and there is a substantial projected increase in flood-related monetary losses within the already flood-prone areas, related to the projected degree of urbanization. 相似文献
99.
Witold Szczuciński Przemysław Niedzielski Lidia Kozak Marcin Frankowski Anetta Zioła Stanisław Lorenc 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(2):253-264
Study on contamination of tsunami sediments deposited on 26 December 2004 conducted shortly after the tsunami in coastal zone
of Thailand revealed elevated contents of salts in water-soluble and some heavy metals and arsenic in bioavailable fractions
(Szczuciński et al. in Env Geol 49:321–331, 2005). Few months later rainy season started and effected in total rainfall of over 3,300 mm. This paper presents results of survey
repeated 1 year after the tsunami. To assess the effects of rainy season on mobilization of previously determined potential
contaminants, the same locations were sampled again and analysed with the same methods. The tsunami deposit layer was well
preserved but in many locations the sediments were coarser than just after tsunami due to washing out of finer fractions.
The water-soluble salts contents were strongly reduced after the rainy season. However, the concentrations of acid leachable
heavy metals and metalloids were still elevated in comparison to reference sample from an area not impacted by tsunami. It
is possible that the metals and metalloids are successively moved to more bioavailable fraction from forms which were more
resistant to mobilization. 相似文献
100.
Estimation of the elastic earth parameters using slr data for the low satellites STARLETTE and STELLA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper we present estimated values for the global elastic parameters (k 2, k 3) and (h 2, l 2) derived from the analysis of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) data. We analyse SLR data for two low satellites, STARLETTE and STELLA, collected over a period of two years, from 1 January 2005 to 1 January 2007, from 18 globally distributed ground stations. We carry out a sequential analysis for the two satellites jointly, and study the stability of the estimates as a function of the length of the data set used. The adjusted final values of (k 2, k 3) and (h 2, l 2) for STARLETTE and STELLA are compared to, and are largely found to support, the estimates we previously published based on data for two high satellites LAGEOS 1 and LAGEOS 2. A major discrepancy between the two solutions was only found for the Shida number l 2. 相似文献