台风“达维”移动路径成因分析

利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°的6 h再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,综合分析了环流背景、"双台风效应"、冷空气活动和海陆下垫面对台风"达维"移动路径变化的影响,结果表明:(1)台风路径在登陆时第1次发生西折的主要原因是500 hPa副高东撤并由带状调整为块状分布,台风"苏拉"对"达维"吸附作用加强,且台风避开冷SST区趋向暖SST区行进;(2)鲁中山区的地形对台风第2次转向起到重要的阻挡作用,副高588线西伸明显,而副高边缘的西南气流增加了台风的东移分量,西风环流上短波槽的发展南下使台风向西移动的分量减弱消失,双台风强度的减弱和距离的增加使台风的吸附作用迅速减弱,这些因素共同导致了台风第2次转向。     

Zooplankton community structure in relation to environmental factors and ecological assessment of water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River

To study the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors and water quality in the Harbin Section of the Songhua River, investigations were carried out in June, August, and October 2011. Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） and saprobic indices were used to process and analyze the data. Seasonal variability was identified as a significant source of variation, which explains the fluctuation in zooplankton density. In autumn, the dry season, water residence time increased and zooplankton biomass and abundance accumulated in the slow flowing waters. Zooplankton abundance increased when food conditions improved. Therefore, the total zooplankton abundance in autumn is much higher than that in spring and summer. According to the saprobic indices, all the sample sites had mesosaprobic water and water quality was worse in autumn. CCA revealed that temperature accounted for most of the spatial variation in the zooplankton community. Moreover, pH, dissolved oxygen saturation, and turbidity were important factors affecting zooplankton community distribution.     

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EMD方法在广西夏季降水量预测中的应用

对广西夏季降水量进行EMD分解后,利用均生函数相关法,比较不同IMF分量组合建模的预测,不同组合试验预测显示,用前二个IMF分量组合建模预测是最佳的组合方案。经对2001—2010年共10年广西夏季降水量实际预测检验表明,趋势预测准确率达70%以上,对夏季降水量预测较有参考价值。为基层台站的气候预测及服务提供一个客观预测方法。     

夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常的前兆信号

利用1978—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,对夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常的前兆信号进行分析。结果表明:前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋地区对流与夏季贝加尔湖南侧反气旋式环流异常存在一致的变化,为预测夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常的前兆信号之一。即当前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋地区对流活动偏强时,夏季对流区北抬至青藏高原西侧,进而有利于贝加尔湖南侧反气旋式环流异常的发生和维持。但是,进一步研究表明,夏季西印度洋对流活动异常将干扰青藏高原及其西侧的对流上升运动对贝加尔湖环流的影响。当夏季西印度洋对流偏强时,前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋对流和夏季青藏高原西侧对流变化表现出不一致。偏强的西印度洋对流将干扰青藏高原及其西侧的对流上升运动对贝加尔湖环流的影响,进而不利于贝加尔湖南侧反气旋式环流异常的形成。当夏季西印度洋对流异常弱时,前期冬季印度尼西亚到西太平洋地区的对流可能引起夏季贝加尔湖南侧环流异常,两者呈现一致的变化;但当夏季西印度洋对流强盛时,将可能改变上述两者的变化关系。     

The distribution of chlorophyll a and its influencing factors in different regions of the Bering Sea

The distribution of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and its relationships with physical and chemical parameters in different regions of the Bering Sea were discussed in July 2010. The results showed the seawater column Chl a concentrations were 13.41–553.89 mg/m2 and the average value was 118.15 mg/m2 in the study areas. The horizontal distribution of Chl a varied remarkably from basin to shelf in the Bering Sea. The regional order of Chl a concentrations from low to high was basin, slope, outer shelf, inner shelf, and middle shelf. The vertical distribution of Chl a was grouped mainly from single-peak type in basin, slope, outer shelf, and middle shelf, where the deep Chl a maxima(DCM) layer was observed at 25–50 m, 30–35 m, 36–44 m, and 37–47 m, respectively. The vertical distribution of Chl a mainly had three basic patterns: standard single-peak type, surface maximum type, and bottom maximum type in the inner shelf. The analysis also showed that the transportation of ocean currents may control the distribution of Chl a, and the effects were not simple in the basin of the Bering Sea. There was a positive correlation between Chl a and temperature, but no significant correlation between Chl a and nutrients. The Bering Sea slope was an area deeply influenced by slope current. Silicate was the factor that controlled the distribution of Chl a within parts of the water in the slope. Light intensity was an important environmental factor in controlling seawater column Chl a in the shelf, where Chl a was limited by nitrate rather than phosphate within the upper water. Meanwhile, there was a positive relationship between Chl a and salinity. Algal blooms broke out at Sta. B6 of the southwestern St. Lawrence Island and Stas F6 and F11 in the middle of the Bering Strait.     

南海北部深水区新生代岩浆岩分布规律及其与海底地质灾害的相关性

前人对南海北部新生代陆缘盆地结构、构造样式和期次等做了大量的研究工作,但对于具体体现内动力过程的岩浆活动关注较少,尤其是北部深水区的研究鲜有涉及。本文基于二维地震剖面的解译分析,将南海北部新生代岩浆岩划分为3个集中分布区:琼东南-西沙区、神狐区和东沙区。各区域岩浆岩的产出状态有所差异,其中琼东南-西沙区岩浆岩的平面展布规律性极强,主要受右行右阶的走滑断裂控制;神狐区岩浆岩位于NW向与NE向断裂的交汇处,侵位空间受先存断裂制约;东沙区岩浆岩的产生与东沙运动期间区域伸展过程有直接关系。作为内动力的表征,岩浆作用对于海底地形地貌具有重要的改造作用,与活动断裂、海底滑坡、浅层气等海底地质灾害也具有成因上的关联。     

以黑体为目标的能见度参考标准试验研究

黑体为目标的能见度测量是从科西米德定律出发,通过工业相机对黑体目标物进行拍摄,建立黑体和背景天空的数学模型,求得能见度。分析表明:当能见度小于30 km,黑体黑度和CCD(change-coupled device)工业相机的面非均匀性对该方法测得的能见度造成的误差约为3.7%。该方法与前向散射能见度仪测量进行对比,能见度变化趋势上具有一致性;但在高能见度时,黑体能见度测量值大于前向散射能见度测量值,低能见度时,黑体测量值小于前向散射能见度测量值。