基于抗震性态的设防标准研究

以基于性态的抗震设计为出发点,并以我国为例,针对目前国内外抗震设防标准的若干问题和不足,提出了基于性态抗震设计的三环节抗震设防方法．将现有的设防内容改为确定结构的抗震设计类别、确定设计烈度或设计地震动参数、确定建筑的重要性等级３个方面,并分别在每一方面进行具体深入的研究,从而形成了一套完整的基于性态的抗震设防标准确定的原则、方法和框架,可以直接用来编制规范供抗震设计使用．      

Evolution of relative helicity in active regions

The evolution dH _R/dt of relative helicity H _R provides a gauge-invariant measure of the helicity flow across the open surface S _o of an active region. With the incompressible approximation, reformulation of the evolution reveals that it is determined not only by the widely used cross-helicity h _mvp=A _pv contributed by the vector potential A _p of a reference potential field B _p, where v is the fluid velocity, but by another cross-helicity h _mvo=A _ov contributed by the vector potential A _o of the open field B _o in the region as well. Only under two conditions, (1) A _p=A (A is the transverse component of A _o), (2) v _z=0 (v _z is the longitudinal component of v) or A _z=0 (A _z is the longitudinal component of A _o), can h _mvo be merged into h _mvp to give the pioneering dH _R/dt equation shown in Equation (4) of Berger (1984). Results show that h _mvo originates from vh _o (h _o=A _oB _o is the helicity density of the open field) and should also be considered in dealing with the development of relative helicity in active regions. Finally, the equation to calculate dH _R/dt in active regions is synthesized and presented.     

Halo Profiles and the Nonlinear Two- and Three-Point Correlation Functions of Cosmological Mass Density

NGC 4945 is one of the brightest Seyfert galaxies on the sky at 100 keV, but is completely absorbed below 10 keV; its absorption column is probably the largest that still allows a direct view of the nucleus at hard X-ray energies. Our observations of it with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite confirm the large absorption, which for a simple phenomenological fit using an absorber with solar abundances implies a column of 4.5+0.4-0.4x1024 cm(-2). Using a more realistic scenario (requiring Monte Carlo modeling of the scattering), we infer the optical depth to Thomson scattering of approximately 2.4. If such a scattering medium were to subtend a large solid angle from the nucleus, it should smear out any intrinsic hard X-ray variability on timescales shorter than the light-travel time through it. The rapid (with a timescale of approximately 1 day) hard X-ray variability of NGC 4945 discovered by us with RXTE implies that the bulk of the extreme absorption in this object does not originate in a parsec-size, geometrically thick molecular torus. Instead, the optically thick material on parsec scales must be rather geometrically thin, subtending a half-angle less than 10 degrees, and it is likely to be the same disk of material that is responsible for the water maser emission observed in NGC 4945. Local number counts of Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies show a large population of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which are proposed to make up the cosmic X-ray background (CXRB). However, for this to be the case, the absorption geometry in the context of axially symmetric unification schemes must have the obscuring material subtending a large scale height-contrary to our inferences about NGC 4945-implying that NGC 4945 is not a prototype of obscured AGNs postulated to make up the CXRB. The small solid angle of the absorber, together with the black hole mass (of approximately 1.4x106 M( middle dot in circle)) from megamaser measurements, allows a robust determination of the nuclear luminosity, which in turn implies that the source radiates at approximately 10% of the Eddington limit.     

辽宁省寒武-奥陶系沉积环境与层序地层划分

辽宁省寒武系、奥陶系主要分布于复州-大连、太子河及辽西三个小区,三者地层系统一致,岩相、岩性雷同,同处于"华北型"沉积环境,可进行层序对比。其中辽西小区共发育 8个层序,复州-大连小区发育 16个层序,太子河流域划分 15个层序,除层位缺失因素,三者层序划分基本相同,层序界面一致,其中Ⅱ级界面可以追索。通过对比,发现层序的发育与环境演化关系密切。总体而言,在环境开阔,水体能量较高区域,层序之海侵体系域较发育,而高水位体系域相对较少,而在环境相对闭塞、水体循环不畅的条件下,层序组成主要以高水位体系域为主,同时,在深水陆棚碳酸盐岩沉积中,往往发育淹没不整合事件,层序结构为 SB3＋ CS＋ HST。     

川滇地区地震活动单键群分析

利用单键群（即ＳＬＣ）分析方法,通过有关ＳＬＣ特征参量的时间滑移分析,结合１９７０年以来的区域地震活动和构造环境,分析了川滇西部地区的地震活动。较之７０年代和８０年代,９０年代的地震活动在总体上是处于中等强度的活动水平。文章认为,ＳＬＣ方法考虑了地震事件的时空关联性,可以用来分析地震活动趋势,是研究地震活动性的有用工具。     

山东惠民凹陷古近系湖泊地震涌浪记录的新发现

在陆相湖盆中,地震引起的各种作用力可以对各种先成沉积物进行改造而形成原地震积岩,同样地震可引发涌浪、浊流及碎屑流而形成地震涌浪沉积及震浊积岩.通过大量岩心观察描述和成像测井资料分析,首次提出惠民凹陷中央隆起带沙河街组含有丘状交错层理的碎屑岩与典型的原地震积岩(包括震裂岩、震褶岩、自碎屑角砾岩等)紧密共生,当属于地震作用引发涌浪的沉积产物.本区地震涌浪沉积中发育丘状及洼状层理、包卷层理、平行层理、块状层理、波痕、冲刷及截切面等沉积构造.根据沉积特征和分布位置,本区地震涌浪沉积划分为两种类型,即位于涌浪基面附近的含塑性泥砾的搅动型和涌浪基面与正常浪基面之间的回流型.垂向上地震涌浪沉积一般位于原地震积岩之上,震浊积岩之下,组成完整的原地震积岩—地震涌浪沉积—地震浊积岩序列或原地震积岩—地震涌浪沉积序列.本区地震涌浪沉积的发现和研究,将为地质学家识别陆相湖盆地震事件沉积提供对比标准.     

优势矿产序列的建立与应用

在湖南省益阳市的矿产资源规划研究过程中,采用了权重因子综合评判法,以查明的资源储量、矿产品市场需求、矿业环境危害、矿业生产增加值GDP为评判因子,经单因素赋值处理和一定的数学模型,计算了益阳市各种矿产的优势指数;根据所设定的阈值,区分了优势矿产、次优势矿产和非优势矿产,建立了优势矿产序列;提出优势矿产和次优势矿产分别是应当重点规划和兼顾规划的矿产,非优势矿产是应当严格限制采矿权数量的矿产.     

基于压差式水位传感器的冰层厚度自动监测系统

本自动监测冰厚装置原理,是通过测量冰层底面与冰下水中一固定端之间垂直距离来实现的。该距离是一只浮桶从固定端运动到冰层底面的行程。随浮桶一起运动的压差式水位传感器分别给出浮桶位于固定端和冰层底面的位置,而浮桶的运动则依靠数据采集仪控制浮桶内水泵排吸水改变浮桶的重力来实现,并且该仪器能够记录传感器的信号和设置水泵开关的开、闭时间。为了避免浮桶对冰层厚度变化的影响且浮桶不至于与冰层底面冻结,浮桶只是在测量行程时上浮到冰层底面,其他时间均在固定端位置。文中给出系统的工作原理和现场实测结果的初步分析。     

同向圆射流混合特性实验研究

利用声学多普勒流速仪(Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry,ADV)自动测速系统和平面激光诱导荧光(Plane Laser Induced Florescence,PLIF)系统对同向圆射流的速度场和浓度场进行了系统的研究,并与前人的工作进行了比较和讨论。时均特性测量结果表明,射流主体段下游各断面的速度和浓度横向分布是自相似的,且近似可用高斯分布来表示;随着射流向下游传播,射流中心流速逐渐衰减,在强射流区和弱射流区遵循不同的规律;紊动特性测量结果表明,下游各断面的紊动强度横向分布是自相似的。     

Surfer在地球重力场数据可视化中的应用

介绍了应用Surfer实现地球重力场数据可视化的方法和步骤,结合重力场数据格式特点,编制了简单的格式转换程序,直接操作Surfer绘制重力场数据二维、三维信息图,实现了地球重力场数据的快速可视化。