Parameter identification of inelastic structures under dynamic loads

The generalized model of differential hysteresis contains 13 control parameters with which it can curve‐fit practically any hysteretic trace. Three identification algorithms are developed to estimate the control parameters of hysteresis for different classes of inelastic structures. These algorithms are based upon the simplex, extended Kalman filter, and generalized reduced gradient methods. Novel techniques such as global search and internal constraints are incorporated to facilitate convergence and stability. Effectiveness of the devised algorithms is demonstrated through simulations of two inelastic systems with both pinching and degradation characteristics in their hysteretic traces. Owing to very modest computing requirements, these identification algorithms may become acceptable as a design tool for mapping the hysteretic traces of inelastic structures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四阶△－∑过抽样电路原理及其在微弱地学信号检测中的应用

传统的测量电路无法解决诸如海底大地电磁场这样微弱地学信号的检测问题。近几年诞生了一种称之为△-∑的电路理论以及相应的硬件芯片，给微伏级的弱信号检测开辟一条新的技术路径。文章介绍与地学探测有关的一种△-∑电路类型，该类型以低频段微弱信号为检测对象。采用系统理论和电路分析方法对△-∑原理作了较深入的讨论，阐明这种电路技术对提高微弱信号观测的分辨率是有效的。结合海底大地电磁探测中的信号采集问题，介绍了在仪器中把多路的被测模拟量变为数字量的技术过程。经对实际采集的海底信息的频谱曲线进行分析，证实所采用的△-∑技术以及多路信号采集的电路方案是合理的。     

湘中锑(金)矿床成矿物质来源——Ⅰ.微量元素及其实验地球化学证据

为了查明湘中盆地中-低温梯（金）矿床的成矿物质来源，文章应用高分辨率ICP-MS、ICP-AES等方法对岩石与矿石进行了系统测定，并结合作者以往分析数据和实验地球化学结果，对该区盆地及周边基底地层与矿床中的微量元素分布特征及其水/岩反应效应进行了综合分析和系统研究。结果表明：Sb、Au等成矿元素在元古界基底碎屑岩中具有高的背景含量，在近似成矿条件下的水/岩反应实验中，成矿元素的淋出率达20%～90%，元古界基底碎屑岩中的金（锑、钨）矿床的周围蚀变围岩中出现明显的金负异常区。而盆地内泥盆系统地层中的高锑含量仅局限于锑矿床（化）及其蚀变围岩中；湘中锑（金）矿床中的矿石与基底碎屑岩具有相似的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线特征，以上微量元素地球化学特征充分证明该区锑（金）矿床锑、金等成矿物质主要来源于元古界底碎屑岩。     

得尔布干成矿带中段八大关——新峰山成矿地质条件分析

得尔布干成矿带中段八大关—新峰山地区断裂构造发育 ,北东向得尔布干深大断裂是重要的控岩控矿构造。与成矿有关岩浆岩主要为燕山期的中性—中酸性侵入岩及次火山岩。赋矿层位主要有上库力组、塔木兰沟组及谢尔塔拉组。在分析典型矿床的成矿地质特征基础上 ,进一步指出找矿方向     

上扬子台地晚震旦世灯影组中葡萄状-雪花状白云岩的成因意义

葡萄状 -雪花状白云岩是白云岩形成之后经淡水淋滤作用而成 ,葡萄内或雪花周围的有机物质不是原生藻 ,而是蓝绿藻经细菌腐解后形成的细菌集合体。该套白云岩的形成与沉积环境关系密切 ,与藻类多少无关。葡萄状白云岩富含有机物质 ,而雪花状白云岩孔洞发育 ,因此葡萄状 -雪花状白云岩既是生油层 ,又是良好的储集层 ,对其重新认识和定位 ,必将为寻找深部油气资源提供极为重要场所     

西藏蛇绿岩中二种合金矿物新变种

在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东部，距拉萨200km的泽当罗莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现有种类繁多的合金矿物，铬铁镍矿和依铁镍矿就是其中二种。铬铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.41Fe0.35Cr0.24，为等轴晶系，空间群为Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.35622(2)nm。铱铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.66Fe0.18Ir0.16，属等轴晶系，空间群Oh^5-Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.46486(4)mm。     

Image analysis applied to quantitative evaluation of chromatic impact generated by open-pit quarries and mines

One of the most important environmental impacts resulting from opencast mining, and especially quarries, is the visual impact. Evaluation of this impact considers two aspects: first, the area occupied by the quarry as seen by an observer from a specific place, and, second, the chromatic contrast existing between landscape and exploitation. In this study we develop a methodology to assess the chromatic impact in an objective and comparable form. To assess this impact we developed a method based on image analysis that allows us to obtain from a picture or image its equivalent as a function of chromatic impact, according to the sensibility of the human eye to different wavelengths. The methodology was applied to the Martinenca limestone quarry (Alcanar, Tarragona) and to Cerro Kori Kollo mine, La Joya district (Bolivia).     

岩浆混合作用——来自甘肃北山的野外证据

在 1∶2 5万马鬃山幅区调填图和方法研究工作中 ,通过观察到的一些与岩浆混合模式相关的现象 ,指出暗色微粒镁铁质包体是岩浆混合作用的有利证据 ,讨论了与花岗岩侵入体相关的镁铁质小岩体混合成因的可能性 ,认为岩浆混合作用在造山带岩浆活动中是一种极为普遍的现象。     

The newest observational evidence on asymmetrical deformation of the Earth

IntroductionWhat is the shape of the Earth? Does it change continuously? It is a scientific question since the ancient times and is still being observed and explored at present. In 250 BC, Greek scholar Eratosthene supposed the shape of the Earth to be spherical according to the observations to the Sun and estimated the perimeter of the Earth to be 4 000 km (King-Hele, 1976) according to the camel-walking distance. Until the 16th century, the Earth was considered to be a very symmetrical …     

Analysis and comparison of the tidal gravity observations obtained with LCR-ET20 spring gravimeter

Introduction The tidal variation signals of the solid Earth recorded with the modern measuring techniques can be used to provide effectively the means to cognize the Earths motion, deformation and structure character, especially to monitor the material motion in the Earths interior. In the recent 20 years, the distribution character of the global gravity field has made great progress since the continuous and deep theoretical studies in geophysics and geodesy domains. The successful manufactur…