On the Radii of Close-in Giant Planets

The recent discovery that the close-in extrasolar giant planet HD 209458b transits its star has provided a first-of-its-kind measurement of the planet's radius and mass. In addition, there is a provocative detection of the light reflected off of the giant planet tau Bootis b. Including the effects of stellar irradiation, we estimate the general behavior of radius/age trajectories for such planets and interpret the large measured radii of HD 209458b and tau Boo b in that context. We find that HD 209458b must be a hydrogen-rich gas giant. Furthermore, the large radius of a close-in gas giant is not due to the thermal expansion of its atmosphere but to the high residual entropy that remains throughout its bulk by dint of its early proximity to a luminous primary. The large stellar flux does not inflate the planet but retards its otherwise inexorable contraction from a more extended configuration at birth. This implies either that such a planet was formed near its current orbital distance or that it migrated in from larger distances (>/=0.5 AU), no later than a few times 107 yr of birth.     

未经分离和预富集条件下用ICP—AES测定硅酸盐岩中的10种稀土元素和钇

未经离子交换分离和预富集,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定了８种国际岩矿标样中的镧,铈,钕,钐,铕,钆,镝,铒,镱,镥和钇。Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｎｄ,Ｅｕ,Ｙｂ和Ｙ与报道值得一致,而Ｓｍ,Ｇｄ,Ｅｒ和Ｌｕ的结果准确性较差,但是,Ｓｍ,Ｇｄ,Ｅｒ和Ｌｕ的结果也可用于研究岩石成因。     

基于地基GNSS观测数据的贵州高原地区水汽层析精度分析

利用精密单点定位(PPP)技术处理贵州地基GNSS观测数据,获得高精度天顶对流层延迟(ZTD),进而开展水汽反演获得大气可降水量(PWV)产品。基于斜路径可降水量(SWV),使用自适应联合代数重构算法进行三维水汽层析,空间分辨率优于30 km×30 km,时间分辨率为5 min。以无线电探空数据为参考评估ZTD和PWV精度,其RMS分别为3.55 mm和1.03 mm。以ERA5再分析资料为参考评估三维层析精度,无暴雨发生时,三维层析相对误差不超过10%,偏差最大值为1.03 g/m³。以无线电探空数据为参考评估三维层析精度,层析结果与无线电探空数据的相关系数在0.97以上,具有较好的一致性。贵阳站和威宁站的平均RMS分别优于0.5 g/m³和1.2 g/m³。     

Evaluation of the presence of major anionic surfactants in marine sediments

The contamination of aquatic environments has become the focus of increasing regulation and public concern due to their potential and unknown negative effects on the ecosystems. The present work develops a monitoring and statistical study, based on the analysis of variance test (ANOVA) and the multivariable analysis, both for insoluble soap and LAS in order to compare the behavior of different anionic surfactants in this environmental compartment. First, a novel and successfully validated methodology to analyze insoluble soap in these samples is developed. The matrix effect and the comparison of different extraction techniques were also performed. The optimized analytical methodologies were applied to 48 representative samples collected from the Almeria Coast (Spain) and then a statistical analysis to correlate anionic surfactant concentration and several variables associated with marine sediment samples was also developed. The results obtained showed relevant conclusions related to the environmental behavior of anionic surfactants in marine sediments.     

MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR LIQUID-SOLID TWO-PHASE FLOW

I INTRODUCTIONTurbulence models for single-phase fluid flows have been developed and widely applied in mechanical,aeronautical, environmental and hydraulic engineering, and other fields. The closure techniques for theReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for various levels of models including the simple turbulencemodel, one-equation turbulence model, k-s turbulence model and turbulence stress/flux model have beenverified to be physically reasonable and have acceptable accuracy in app…     

MANAGEMENT AND SUBSURFACE EFFECTS ON RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD FROM SMALL WATERSHEDS

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