中国岩相古地理研究进展

我国的岩相古地理研究大致经历了三个大的发展时期。初期阶段：20世纪80年代以前,主体是以古生物地层学的理论为指导编制出版大区域的古地理图集,集中反映海陆分布,岩相内容较少,较少的学者开展了岩相古地理研究,揭开了由古地理图向岩相古地理图转变的序幕。快速发展阶段：20世纪80年代至2000年,总体上是以大地构造学、古生物地层学、沉积学等理论为指导,开展了大量的岩相古地理研究与编图工作,并采取多种编图思路和方法编制大区域的岩相古地理图,是我国岩相古地理研究与编图大发展时期,形成了丰硕的理论和实践成果。编制的图件不仅尽量体现活动性古地理的学术前沿,而且更多的是强化实用性,聚焦对沉积层控矿产远景预测和油气勘探的支撑和指导作用。现代阶段：2000年至今,岩相古地理研究与编图聚焦支撑油气地质调查与勘探成为了这段时间的主题,采取不同的编图思路和方法编制出版了大区域的岩相古地理图。具有三大特点：一是编图资料丰富,技术方法新颖;二是编图思路先进,体现了以构造为主线,岩相古地理恢复为核心,支撑服务油气为根本的研究思路;三是以服务油气目标为特色。由于大数据、人工智能等信息技术突飞猛进促进大数据岩相古地理向前发展,数字岩相古地理必将推动我国在岩相古地理编图思路和技术方法的创新,提升支撑服务沉积矿产找矿和油气勘探开发的精准性和预测性水平。     

云南小江断裂东支活动性分析及工程场地稳定性评价

小江断裂延伸长、次生断裂交错分布多,使得区域内重大工程难以避免活动断裂带的影响,因此活动断裂的活动强弱以及场地稳定性是区域重大工程建设面临的主要工程稳定性问题。为了查清活动断裂对公路工程场地的影响,笔者等基于小江断裂地质构造背景,充分利用既有研究成果资料,重点研究区域构造环境和断裂特征,通过地质调绘、物理探测、年代学测试,结合对前人资料的系统梳理,计算分析了小江断裂中段东支活动速率,初步判定断裂活动程度;并综合考虑断裂活动性、地震烈度、岩体特性等因素,对工程场地稳定性进行分级。结果表明,小江断裂东支平均水平位移速率为6.6 mm/a,判定为强活动断裂,区域工程场地稳定性划分为极不稳定区;认为强烈活动性断裂两侧各10 km区域内对工程的影响最为严重,为公路工程场地选址和抗震设计提供了理论和数据支持。     

中国北方地区植被覆盖度遥感估算及其变化分析

为了分析中国北方地区2000年之后植被覆盖度的时空分布及其变化,利用MODIS光谱反射率数据计算归一化植被指数,采用像元二分模型对中国北方地区2000—2012年植被覆盖度进行定量估算,分析研究区13 a间植被覆盖度的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:植被覆盖度年内变化特征体现在最大植被覆盖度一般出现在7和8月份,与中国北方地区植被的生长季相一致;整个中国北方地区年最大植被覆盖度呈现缓慢增长的趋势,其增长速率为每年0.2%;年最大植被覆盖度变化的空间分布具有较大差异,其中东北、华北和黄土高原等三北防护林工程建设区的年最大植被覆盖度有较明显的增长。     

弹性波边界元法正演模拟

弹性波边界元地震模型方法（ＢＥＥＳＭ），实现了二维和三维问题的纵、横波及转换波的同时模拟，并且能模拟任意复杂构造的地震声波正演模型．根据地震模型的特点，本文发展了数值积分计算与矩阵消元同步进行的块状高斯消元法；用解析法处理奇异积分；用无限元法处理边界吸收问题；采用单元长度随介质速度和计算频率变化的变单元算法，及自动剖分单元等技术，提高了计算精度，节省了内存，缩短了计算时间．     

四川宣汉盘龙洞晚二叠世生物礁古油藏剖面序列

盘龙洞生物礁发育于上二叠统长兴组的中上部,厚度约80m。生物礁主要为浅灰色块状海绵障积岩、海绵骨架岩。造礁生物主要为房室海绵、水螅、苔藓虫等;附礁生物主要为腕足、瓣鳃及腹足等;造架生物含量约为38％～50％;充填物为泥晶方解石,含量为50％～70％;孔洞丰富,多被方解石晶体充填,孔洞间连通性好。该生物礁及其上下地层均有大量的沥青,揭示着有过油气的运移过程。沥青充填可以分为两期：第一期充填于生物骨架孔隙、粒间孔隙、海绵体腔和都分其他生物体腔孔隙中;第二期主要充填于后期裂骧和次生孔隙中,该期的沥青广泛分布于生物礁和整个礁的盖层之中（包括亮晶砂屑灰岩和白云岩）,规模较大,含沥青的地层总厚度达120m左右。     

综合物探方法在上海市防汛墙检测中的应用

上海市防汛墙的坚固与否,关系到上海市人民生命与财产的安全,而传统的钻孔取芯方法,由于具有技术与经济方面的不合理,通过物探的方法对防汛墙体进行了检测,取得了较好的应用效果。     

辽西凌源河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征及地质意义

分析测定了河坎子碱性杂岩体的稀土、微量元素和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素数据 ,对该杂岩体形成的构造背景、源区特征及意义进行了讨论。河坎子碱性杂岩体稀土元素总量较高 ,富集LREE和大离子亲石元素 ,Eu呈弱负异常或异常不明显 ,Nb、Ta、K、P、Ti和Y呈负异常 ,过渡族元素含量偏低。稀土和微量元素分布模式与辽东凤城碱性杂岩体相似。主侵入期 4个全岩加 1个黑云母样品的全岩矿物Rb_Sr等时线年龄为 2 2 1.4± 8.5 (2σ)Ma ,属于印支期碱性岩浆活动。该岩体的εSr(t)均为正值 ,平均 7.2 3,ISr=0 .70 4 77± 0 .0 0 0 15 ,εNd(t)均为负值。微量元素和Sr、Nd及Pb示踪同位素特征显示其源区与EMⅠ型富集地幔端员有关。河坎子碱性杂岩体地球化学特征不仅揭示了华北地台北缘东部上地幔在三叠纪时具有富集性 ,而且也显示了辽东地区比辽西地区更富集的特点。河坎子碱性杂岩体形成于板内拉张环境 ,岩浆作用以批式部分熔融占主导地位。     

Spatiotemporal evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in urban agglomerations of China

As the main form of new urbanization in China,urban agglomerations are an im-portant platform to support national economic growth,promote coordinated regional devel-opment,and participate in international competition and cooperation.However,they have become core areas for air pollution.This study used PM2.5 data from NASA atmospheric re-mote sensing image inversion from 2000 to 2015 and spatial analysis including a spatial Durbin model to reveal the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and main factors con-trolling PM2.5 in China's urban agglomerations.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2015,the PM2.5 concentrations of China's urban agglomerations showed a growing trend with some volatility.In 2007,there was an inflection point.The number of low-concentration cities decreased,while the number of high-concentration cities increased.(2)The concentrations of PM2.5 in urban agglomerations were high in the west and low in the east,with the"Hu Line"as the boundary.The spatial differences were significant and in-creasing.The concentration of PM2.5 grew faster in urban agglomerations in the eastern and northeastern regions.(3)The urban agglomeration of PM2.5 had significant spatial concentra-tions.The hot spots were concentrated to the east of the Hu Line,and the number of hot-spot cities continued to rise.The cold spots were concentrated to the west of the Hu Line,and the number of cold-spot cities continued to decline.(4)There was a significant spatial spillover effect of PM2.5 pollution among cities within urban agglomerations.The main factors control-ling PM2.5 pollution in different urban agglomerations had significant differences.Industriali-zation and energy consumption had a significant positive impact on PM2.5 pollution.Foreign direct investment had a significant negative impact on PM2.5 pollution in the southeast coastal and border urban agglomerations.Population density had a significant positive impact on PM2.5 pollution in a particular region,but this had the opposite effect in neighboring areas.Urbanization rate had a negative impact on PM2.5 pollution in national-level urban agglomer-ations,but this had the opposite effect in regional and local urban agglomerations.A high degree of industrial structure had a significant negative impact on PM2.5 pollution in a region,but this had an opposite effect in neighboring regions.Technical support level had a signifi-cant impact on PM2.5 pollution,but there were lag effects and rebound effects.     

遵义市气象局无线局域网建设

在市气象局新办公楼局域网中合理规划设计,采用无线网络解决了与713地面观测站、防雷工程公司等所在独立建筑物的计算机网络连接的难题。     

Differential physiological responses of the coastal cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 to elevated pCO_2 at lag,exponential,and stationary growth phases

We studied the effects of expected end-of-the-century p CO_2(1000 ppm)on the photosynthetic performance of a coastal marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp.PCC7002 during the lag,exponential,and stationary growth phases.Elevated p CO_2significantly stimulated growth,and enhanced the maximum cell density during the stationary phase.Under ambient p CO_2conditions,the lag phase lasted for 6 days,while elevated p CO_2shortened the lag phase to two days and extended the exponential phase by four days.The elevated p CO_2increased photosynthesis levels during the lag and exponential phases,but reduced them during the stationary phase.Moreover,the elevated p CO_2reduced the saturated growth light(Ik)and increased the light utilization efficiency(α)during the exponential and stationary phases,and elevated the phycobilisome:chlorophyll a(Chl a)ratio.Furthermore,the elevated p CO_2reduced the particulate organic carbon(POC):Chl a and particulate organic nitrogen(PON):Chl a ratios during the lag and stationary phases,but enhanced them during the exponential phase.Overall,Synechococcus showed differential physiological responses to elevated p CO_2during different growth phases,thus providing insight into previous studies that focused on only the exponential phase,which may have biased the results relative to the effects of elevated p CO_2in ecology or aquaculture.