"三江"北段昌都陆块晚三叠世钾质-超钾质火山岩成因及地质意义

昌都微陆块内部发育一套晚三叠世粗安岩.本文基于系统的野外踏勘,对具有代表性的火山岩进行岩石学、地球化学等研究.结果显示该区火山岩的SiO₂含量为51.36%~58.04%,全碱含量(Na₂O+K₂O)为5.03%~7.84%,根据岩石K₂O,MgO及K₂O/Na₂O比值判断,属钾质-超钾质火山岩,具高K、高Al、低Ti的特征.本区岩石强烈富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),Nb、Ta、Ti的负异常明显,整体特征类似于弧火山岩.其稀土总量较高(270×10^-6~960×10^-6),轻重稀土分馏明显,重稀土分布形态较平缓.岩石具有较高的初始锶同位素比值(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i=0.7150~0.7176和较低的初始钕同位素比值(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i=0.51180~0.51184,ε_Nd(t)=-10.9~-10.2,二段Nd模式年龄为t_2DM=1.82~1.88Ga.本区岩石的地球化学特征显示其源区是由俯冲板片所产生的流体/熔体交代的岩石圈地幔,源区矿物组成分析结果显示,其源区以尖晶石二辉橄榄岩为主,含少量石榴石二辉橄榄岩及金云母.本区钾质-超钾质岩石虽然与西藏南部的钾质-超钾质岩石有相似的地球化学特征,但却产于碰撞后的构造背景之下.结合其所具有的弧火山岩特征及时代构造背景判断其为一种"滞后型"弧火山岩,其形成过程可以概括为三个阶段.     

高黏粒含量新吹填淤泥加固新技术室内研发

新吹填淤泥处于“稀泥汤”状态,工程特性极差,几乎无承载力,现有真空预压技术加固效果不理想,地基有效加固深度小,土体强度增长有限。为此,提出了“真空预压联合化学加固”的新思路。室内采用3种环保型化学加固剂设计了3种真空预压联合化学加固方案（VPCT1、VPCT2、VPCT3）和1种纯化学加固方案（CT）,与现行真空预压加固方案（VPT）进行了对比试验研究。研究结果表明：(1) 添加有效的化学加固剂后,新吹填淤泥在抽真空前较短的静置时间内就基本完成了自重沉积过程;(2) 化学加固剂选取得当能有效提高土体的加固效果;(3) 宏观上,VPCT3方案加固效果较均匀,加固后土体中黏粒含量明显降低、湿密度最大,孔隙比降低幅度明显,无侧限抗压强度也最大,为66.7 kPa（为VPT方案的3.5倍）;(4) 微观上,VPCT3方案加固后,土颗粒之间的孔隙总面积、孔隙平均周长、总孔隙数、孔隙比、孔隙率等最小,单元体之间有良好的定向度、排序性最好,连结方式以面-面为主导,相互之间接触紧密,团聚现象最明显。因此,相对于现行的真空预压技术而言,VPCT3方案土体加固效果非常明显,也较均匀,可以进一步开展现场试验研究,探讨其付诸于工程实践的可行性。     

广元三堆镇康家沟剖面寒武系地层及沉积特征

丹凤群分布于天水市南部,向东延入陕西凤县。通过原岩恢复,其下部层位的岩石以变玄武岩为主,夹安山岩、石英岩、大理岩,中部为变石英砂岩夹玄武岩、薄—微层状石英岩夹安山岩、英安岩,上部为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、石英砂岩、大理岩夹流纹岩及硅质条带。火山岩为碱性—拉斑系列,锶同位素初始比值低,地球化学特征与岛弧玄武岩的地球化学模型相似。通过对丹凤群火山岩地质特征、岩石组合、岩石地球化学特征的综合分析,认为丹凤群的沉积环境,处于当时的秦岭古陆南侧的古大洋岛弧。     

甘肃礼县新生代火山喷发碳酸岩的发现及意义

甘肃礼县新生代钾霞橄黄长岩中有大量火山喷发碳酸岩出露,本文对该区各种碳酸岩的地质产状,岩石特征,全岩化学及稀土,微量和C、O同位素地球化学进行了研究,结果表明本区碳酸岩属于一种高CaO低碱（Na2O K2O)的火成碳酸岩,其化学成分与东非裂谷乌干达FortPortal地区的碳酸岩相似,其中碳酸岩的火山砾岩和凝灰岩具有高的SiO2和Mg/Ca比值,化学成分显示了硅酸盐和碳酸盐混合的特征,可能代表直接由地幔部分熔融形成的原生碳酸盐岩浆。其它类型碳酸岩的成因与原生碳酸盐岩浆或原生钾霞橄黄长岩浆的液态不混溶作用和／或结晶分异作用有关。碳酸岩及共生的高钾火山岩不是典型的大陆裂谷岩浆作用的产物,其起源和成因与软流圈的上涌有关。碳酸岩的发现为查明本区地幔的组成和性质提供了新的岩石学证据。     

Deformation microstructures of olivine in peridotite from Spitsbergen, Svalbard and implications for seismic anisotropy

To understand the deformation mechanism and seismic anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Spitsbergen, Svalbard, in the Arctic, the deformation microstructures of olivine in the peridotite of Spitsbergen were studied. Seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle can be explained mainly by the lattice-preferred orientation (LPO) of olivine. The LPOs of the olivine in the peridotites were determined using electron backscattered diffraction patterns. Eight specimens out of 10 showed that the [100] axis of the olivine was aligned subparallel to the lineation and that the (010) plane was subparallel to the foliation, showing a type A LPO. In the other two specimens the [100] axis of olivine was aligned subparallel to the lineation and both the [010] and [001] axes were distributed in a girdle nearly perpendicular to the lineation, showing a type D LPO. The dislocation density of the olivine in the samples showing a type D LPO was higher than that in the samples showing a type A LPO. The result of an Fourier transformation infrared study showed that both the types A and D samples were dry. These observations were in good agreement with a previous experimental study ( Tectonophysics , 421 , 2006, 1 ): samples showing a type D LPO for olivine were observed at a high stress condition and samples showing both types A and D LPO were deformed under dry condition. Observations of both strong LPOs and dislocations of olivine indicate that the peridotites studied were deformed by dislocation creep. The seismic anisotropy calculated from the LPOs of the olivine could be used to explain the seismic anisotropy of P - and S -waves in the lithospheric mantle beneath Spitsbergen, Svalbard.     

十字形沉管灌注桩的成桩工艺技术

改变桩截面形状,增加桩周面积,可提高桩承载力,因此导致了异形截面桩的诞生。目前我国研究较多的多种异形截面桩如X桩、Y桩等,均是采用全长等截面的异形截面模管沉管成桩。由于这些异形截面模管抗变形能力相对较弱,在应用到长桩或超长桩的施工上可能会受到一定的限制。十字形桩成桩模管为底部加翼的圆形截面钢模管,抗变形能力强,能成大桩长桩或超长桩、混凝土素桩或钢筋混凝土桩、挤土桩或非挤土桩,既可用于地基处理,也可作为基桩施工。非挤土桩成桩时,采用专用管内取土装置,施工快捷,成桩效率高,成本低。     

金沙江-哀牢山断裂带几个富碱斑岩体的锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义

运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法测定了金沙江-哀牢山断裂带内4个富碱斑岩的年龄.结果表明:剑川地区角闪正长斑岩形成时间为(37.6±2.2)Ma,姚安地区黑云母二长斑岩具有2组锆石U-Pb年龄数据,较年轻的一组为(36.86±0.63)Ma,较老的一组为(40.41±0.24)Ma,姚安黑云母角闪正长斑...     

广西平乐县小王家铜矿地质特征及找矿标志

平乐县小王家铜矿区处于华南准地台之桂中—桂东台陷中的大瑶山凸起中段北缘。矿体产于断裂破碎带中,且该组含矿断裂又被泥盆系不整合覆盖,小王家铜矿无疑为加里东期构造运动的产物。该铜矿床属中低温热液充填脉型铜矿床。     

A Basal Titanosauriform from the Early Cretaceous of Guangxi, China

Based on a partial postcranial skeleton collected from the Lower Cretaceous Napai Formation of Guangxi, China, we erect a new sauropod taxon, Fusuisaurus zhaoi gen. et sp. nov. The holotype specimen consists of the left ilium, left pubis, anterior caudals, most of the dorsal ribs and distal end of the left femur. Fusuisaurus zhaoi is diagnosed by a unique combination of character states among the known sauropods. It displays several synapomorphies of Titanosauriformes but lacks many derived features seen in other titanosauriforms, suggesting that the new taxon represents the basalmost known titanosauriform and providing new evidence that Titanosauriformes originated from Asia. A size comparison suggests that Fusuisaurus zhaoi is among the largest Early Cretaceous sauropods, providing an important addition to the Early Cretaceous Chinese sauropod diversity.