中国活动构造与地震活动

文中研究了中国活动构造与地震活动的关系 ,包括活动断裂、活动褶皱、活动盆地和活动块体与地震活动的关系。全部 8级、绝大部分 7～ 7.9级地震均发生在活动块体边界活动构造带内 ;但对内部有次级活动构造的块体而言 ,少数 7～ 7.9级地震和部分 6～ 6 .9级地震也可能发生在块体内部的活动构造带上。大地震与活动断裂、活动褶皱和活动盆地的关系十分紧密 ,70多次 7级以上地震的同震破裂带及其位移参数与活动构造完全一致 ,7～ 8级地震均发生在活动断裂、活动褶皱和活动盆地带内 ,仅个别地震由于发生在高原和高山区 ,情况不明 ,6～ 6 .9级地震则大约有 5 %～ 15 %发生在活动构造带外或者情况不明。由于中国各断块区应力环境的差别 ,各区活动构造变形和地震发震构造类型也有所不同 ,文中对不同构造区走滑型 ,逆断裂褶皱型和正断裂拉张型活动构造和地震发震构造模型作了讨论。     

Spatial variation of altitudinal belts as dividing index between warm temperate and subtropical zones in the Qinling-Daba Mountains

To determine the dividing index between warm temperate and subtropical zones based on the spectra of altitudinal belts,this paper collected 33 spectra of altitudinal belts in the Qinling-Daba Mountains from published literatures and then analyzed the structures and the spatial patterns from south to north,from west to east and based on exposure directions.The results show that:1)From south to north,the basal belt gradually changes from subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest to warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest;the spectra of altitudinal belts change from complex to simple;the dominant belt changes from montane broadleaf-conifer mixed forest and evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest to deciduous broadleaf forest.2)From west to east,the structures of the altitudinal belt spectra show complexity in the east and west but simplicity in the middle section;the upper limits of both the evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest belt and montane deciduous broadleaf forest belt present a quadratic curve distribution pattern in the longitudinal direction.However,the upper limit of the montane broadleaf-conifer mixed forest belt exhibits a nearly linear decrease in the west-east direction.3)Both the north and south slopes in the Qinling Mountains have the similar basal belt,whereas it varies greatly between the north and south slopes in the Daba Mountains.Comparably,dominant belts are very similar in the Qinling Mountains and the north slope of the Daba Mountains,but the south slope of the Daba Mountains has its own unique dominant belt:evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest.This implies that the Daba Mountains are more appropriate than the Qinling Mountains to act as the boundary between subtropical and warm-temperate zones in central China.     

两种柔性植株地表风速廓线特征比较的风洞模拟

植株减小风速从而抑制风蚀,风速廓线可以反映植株对风速的影响。在风洞中测量了细长状植株和上大下小形状植株在不同覆盖密度、不同来流风速下的风速廓线,并对这两种植株地表上空气动力学粗糙度、零平面位移高度进行了比较。结果表明:两种植株地表的空气动力学粗糙度均随植株密度按幂函数规律增加,其与植株高度之比也随侧影盖度按幂函数规律增加。在相同覆盖密度或侧影盖度条件下,上大下小形状植株地表的空气动力学粗糙度大于细长状植株。细长状植株地表的零平面位移高度随植株密度的增加先增加而后减小,而上大下小形状植株地表的零平面位移高度则基本不受植株密度的影响。     

The evolution of a gravity-driven system accompanied by diapirism under the control of the prograding West Luconia Deltas in the Kangxi Depression,Southern South China Sea

Gravitational collapse structures are commonly observed in shelf-margin deltas underlain by mobile shales. However, these structures are rarely accompanied by mud diapirs. This paper presents an updated study of the gravity-driven system in the West Luconia Deltas, a shelf-margin delta system, in the Kangxi Depression, southern South China Sea. Compared to the classical shale-detachment model, the syn-collapse deformation in the contractional domain in this study is accommodated mainly by thrust faults combined with mud diapirs rather than simply imbricated thrusts. Based on seismic interpretation and structural analysis, this gravity-driven system is divided into three domains, the extensional domain, the contractional domain and the transitional domain. All of these domains are intruded by mud diapirs. The quantitative analysis of the amounts of extension and contraction suggests that these structures mainly resulted from gravitational collapse rather than the tectonic compression. Quantification of the relative contributions of gravity spreading and gliding indicates that the gravitational collapse was mainly driven by gravity spreading. Two episodes of collapse are suggested by the analysis of the progradation of the West Luconia Deltas and the features of the syn-collapse structures. The first episode was minor and not accompanied by diapirism, whereas the second episode was major and accompanied by diapirism. The entire evolution of the GDS is divided into five stages: (1) the first episode of the gravitational collapse, lasted from the earliest Middle Miocene to the earliest Pliocene; (2) the deposition of an interval between the syn-collapse strata and the mobile shale, occurred in the Early Pliocene.; (3) the initiation of the second episode of the gravitational collapse, lasted from the Early Pliocene to the Late Pliocene; (4) the attenuation and basinward migration of the gravity-driven deformation, lasted from the Late Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene; and (5) the ending of the gravitational collapse, lasted from the Early Pleistocene to the present. The last four stages were accompanied by intensive diapirs which pierced the overlying strata and became targets for the hydrocarbon exploration.

     

基于步行与公交时空网络的武汉市典型公共设施可达性评价

公共设施是提升城市居民生活品质的重要因素,构建完善的公共交通体系,对进一步提升公共设施的可达性具有重要意义。利用分段累计人口的可达性模型测度武汉市不同时空的交通网络下四类典型公共设施的可达性,分别在主城区和其内部三大区域两种空间尺度下分析其变化特征。结果表明:武汉市地铁的加入所起到的主要作用是促进了20~40min可达的区域向20min内可达的区域转化,对于超过40min可达的区域的影响则相对较弱;地铁对汉口和汉阳区域公共设施服务效率的提升作用略高于武昌区域。武汉市未来的公共交通体系应以减少20min内常规公交与地铁的竞争关系,促进两者20~60min区间内的协作关系为主要发展方向。     

月和季节尺度区域气候模拟的对比分析

利用区域气候模式RegCM3分别进行了东亚夏季月尺度和季节尺度区域气候模拟试验,并将两种时间尺度试验的逐月模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,不同初始场和不同时间尺度模拟降水量存在一定的不确定性,但模拟的降水分布格局和模拟时间尺度关系不大,其模拟结果主要取决于模式对区域内大气降水过程的描述能力。两种时间尺度模拟的月平均环流形势几乎一致,随着模拟时间延长,两种时间尺度模拟的月平均环流、温度和湿度之间的差别在模式内部区域有所增加。但两者没有出现本质差别,且两者之间的偏差不会随模拟时间尺度的延长而无限制增长,只在一定范围内波动。两种时间尺度模拟对7月份淮河流域降水集中期暴雨和高低空急流刻画差别不大,但两者对8月份东北降水集中期模拟差别稍明显一些,其差别主要表现在对低空急流的模拟上。     

Immune response of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudosciaena crocea</Emphasis> to the injection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio alginolyticus</Emphasis>

For the investigation of anti-infection immune response of Pseudosciaena crocea, 160 healthy fish samples were categorized into infected and control groups. Each individual fish in the infected group was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.2 ml bacterial suspension of Vibrio alginolyticus in density of 2×10⁷ CFU/ml, while each individual in the control group was injected i.p. with 0.2 ml sterile saline solution (0.85%). It was observed that the artificial injection of V. alginolyticus significantly increased the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, lymphocytes in peripheral blood as well as peripheral serum antibacterial activity and antibody titer of large yellow croaker, and significantly reduced the number of peripheral blood granulocytes as compared with those in the control group. No significant difference in acid phosphytase and superoxide dismutase activity of serum was detected between the two groups. It is suggested that non-specific immune factors including leucocytes and anti-bacteria substance in peripheral blood played important role at the initial stage of infection, and specific immune factors such as antibody then played important role in response to anti-infection at the latter stage. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program, No. 2007AA09Z115) and Technology Program of Xiamen (No. 3502Z73019)     

渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟

计算避风锚地的面积是渔港规划设计的重要内容之一.<渔港总体设计规范>(SC/T 9010-2000)推荐采用确定性方法计算避风锚地面积.由于没有规定输入参数代表值的确定方法,实际应用时参数取值带有很大的随意性和经验性,从而导致计算结果的不确定性.引入Monte Carle方法建立了渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟模型,采用不同的概率分布刻划各相关参数,从而获得避风锚地面积的概率分布.实例计算表明,无论采用何种概率分布假定,得到的避风锚地面积均近似地服从正态分布,且不同概率分布假定对95%保证率的避风锚地面积值影响不大;当船长、船宽均取各分组船型的最大值,水深取相应区域水深的平均值,每组渔船之间安全距离及每组渔船数量取规范给定的平均值时,规范方法计算的避风锚地面积保证率在95%左右,从而为规范方法输入参数的确定提供了依据.     

长江口北支近期河势演变与航道资源开发研究

从实测资料出发,分析长江口北支近期岸线与主流线的变化,并就滩涂围垦对北支河势的影响进行深入探讨.认为目前北支航道500 t级船舶基本可以达到全潮通航,1 000 t级船舶乘潮保证率也可达90%,若采取一定的工程措施,对局部浅段进行疏浚和整治,早日开辟北支1 000 t级航道是可行的.     

矢量地图数据的水印技术综述

矢量地图数据在人类的社会、经济活动中发挥着不可替代的作用,许多行业如城市规划、环境保护、汽车导航、工程设计、资源勘察、土地管理、抢险救灾、观光旅游以及军事指挥等都离不开地图数据的支持。它具有易于更新、复制和分发等特点,同时,也方便了地图数据的非法复制、分发及伪造行为,它的版权保护问题日益引起人们的重视。分析了矢量地图数据的特点及可能的水印操作空间,总结了现有的矢量地图数据的水印算法及存在的问题,并指出了矢量地图数据数字水印需要进一步研究的问题。