多旋翼无人机群自主探测大气边界层气象要素的模式分析

深入研究大气边界层气象现象的发生、发展、消散机制,需要获取三维同步气象要素数据,而现有探测技术与手段难以提供.因此,提出利用多旋翼无人机群进行自主探测大气边界层气象要素的探测模式,并就探测模式的背景与意义、特点与优势、流程与可行性,以及需要进一步研究的相关科学问题进行了分析,认为多旋翼无人机群自主探测大气边界层气象要素的探测模式针对性、灵活性、机动性、可操作性强,并具有自主动态同步探测、自主智能追踪探测等功能.     

粤西河台金矿锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

河台金矿是一个受剪切带控制的金矿床,成矿作用分为韧性剪切变质成矿期的韧性剪切变质成矿作用阶段和热液蚀变成矿期的金硅化石英脉阶段、金硫化物阶段以及方铅矿闪锌矿碳酸盐脉阶段,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年显示赋矿围岩混合岩中继承性锆石的核部和幔部年龄为343.9~1732Ma,代表形成混合岩原岩的源区岩石的年龄;继承性锆石边部和混合岩化变质作用中新生锆石的年龄平均值为239.6±3.9Ma,属印支期,为混合岩化变质作用的年龄,这一年龄与印支期印支板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块的碰撞时代相一致,证实在中国华南存在印支期的混合岩化变质作用。韧性剪切变质成矿作用的年龄小于混合岩化变质作用的年龄(239.6±3.9Ma);富硫化物含金石英脉中热液锆石普通铅含量高,为0.65%~2.27%,Th/U值变化围很小,为0.306~0.557,其年龄为152.5±3.1Ma,属燕山期,代表河台金矿主成矿期年龄。     

南极格罗夫山陨石的磁化率

我国在南极格罗夫山发现并收集到大量南极陨石,需要一种无损、快速简单的分类方法。陨石磁化率(χ)的主要贡献是其中的铁镍金属,因而有可能成为一种简便有效的分类参数。同时,磁化率是陨石的一个重要物理参数。我们在国内首次开展陨石磁化率的研究,通过对模拟陨石磁化率样品的测量,证明可以通过不同取向的测量平均,将样品的大小和形状等几何因素的影响减小在仪器的测量精度范围之内。完成了首批613块南格格罗夫山陨石的磁化率测量,除普通球粒陨石外,还包括火星陨石、灶神星陨石、碳质球粒陨石、中铁陨石、橄榄陨铁、橄辉无球粒陨石等特殊类型。根据质量磁化率,可以划分大部分H、L、LL群陨石。特别重要的是,磁化率对于划分非平衡的普通球粒陨石化学群提供了更为可靠的参数。格罗夫山H群陨石的磁化率分布与南极其他地区的陨石十分相似,二者相对降落型陨石均向低质量磁化率方向平移0.2（logχ, 10^-9m³/kg）,反映了风化作用对南极陨石磁化率的平均影响程度;格罗夫山L群陨石的质量磁化率分布同样较降落型陨石偏低0.2左右,但南极其他地区的陨石与沙漠陨石的磁化率分布相似,二者均更为离散和偏低,可能反映了不同的风化程度。     

冀北中生代高Sr低Y和低Sr低Y型花岗岩：地球化学、成因及其与成矿作用的关系

冀北是我国重要的金矿成矿区，冀北金矿有不同的类型，但大多与中生代中酸性侵入岩有关。本文的研究表明，冀北与金矿有关的中酸性侵入岩大体可划分为两类：一类为高Sr低Y型岩体，具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征。推测可能是加厚的下地壳部分熔融形成的，其残留相为榴辉岩或角闪榴辉岩；另一类为低Sr低Y型岩体，以较低的Sr、Al和具明显的负铕异常而区别于埃达克质岩，又因其低Y和HREE而类似于埃达克质岩，推测源岩残留相中有斜长石存在，相当于高压麻粒岩相的环境，可能也形成于加厚下地壳底部。冀北金矿的S、Ph、H、O和C同位素大多显示深源的特点,且在时空分布上与上述两类中酸性侵入岩存在密切的关系，表明冀北金矿床的成矿物质和流体可能是幔源的，与中生代高Sr低Y和低Sr低Y型岩浆的成因有关。这一认识对于理解冀北金矿的成因和找矿可能是有益的。     

内蒙古赤峰地区安家营子金矿成矿流体研究

该金矿床产于晚燕山期安家营子二长花岗岩岩体内,受NNE向断裂带控制。矿化类型属蚀变岩型。矿物包裹体研冤表明,成矿流体为CO2-H2O-NaCl-KCl体系,来自安家营子花岗岩浆期后热液,其氢氧同位素组成分别为δD=-80.0~-96.5‰,δ18OH2O=4.5~5.7‰。主成矿期四个成矿阶段包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为Ⅰ=340~360℃:Ⅱ=315~330℃,3.80~6.20 wt％／NaCl,CO2密度0.2~0.3 g／cm3;Ⅲ=245~285℃,3.5~4.5 wt％NaCl:Ⅳ=150~170℃,<2.0wt％NaCl。成矿流体盐度和CO2密度均较低。包裹体气相成分中(CH4 CO)／CO2<0.1,成矿环境为弱还原条件;液相成分中K Na 总量较高,K >Na 有利于碱质交代成矿作用。根据CO2包裹体获得资料计算,成矿压力为500~750×105Pa,成矿深度为2.0~2.5 km。流体控矿因素有水-岩反应、CO2与H2O-NaCl溶液不混溶和硫浓度降低等。其中以水-岩反应为主,它贯穿成矿全过程,控制原始成矿流体由碱性向弱碱性-弱酸性变化,使流体发生交代成矿作用。     

2007年夏季降水异常的成因及预测

采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、NOAA再分析全球海温和中国国家气候中心整理的160站降水量资料,在回顾2007年夏季中国降水分布及其趋势预测的基础上,探讨了2007年夏季降水异常的可能原因。2007年前期对热带太平洋海温、东亚季风、西太平洋副热带高压等主要物理因子冬夏演变的分析接近实况,但主要多雨带位置仍比预测的偏南。夏季亚洲中纬度大陆高压异常维持可能是造成2007年夏季主要多雨带比预期偏南的主要原因。     

Web课件编程宏平台的设计与开发

介绍了一个实用高效、简单易用的网络课件开发中文宏平台。重点说明了宏平台设计思路和开发该平台所涉及到的关键技术。同时,还介绍了使用宏平台进行课件网页编辑的具体步骤和课件页面的基本特征,以及利用该平台制作复杂网络课件页面的高效性。     

可照时间受地形的影响及其精细的空间分布

设计了起伏地形下可照时间分布式计算模型，讨论了不同纬度的坡度、坡向、遮蔽等地形因子对可照时间的影响。结果表明：可照时间的纬向分布特征明显；同一纬度，同一坡向的可照时间随着坡度的增加而减小；坡向对可照时间的影响复杂，不同坡向上的可照时间随季节和坡度变化；在太阳高度角较低的冬季，地形遮蔽对可照时间的影响显著，可明显地影响可照时间的空间分布，清楚表现出可照时间的非地带性。同时绘制了1：100万我国实际地形下精细的可照时间空间分布。     

数值预报产品释用若干问题的初步分析

本文就数值预报模式产品在业务预报 中的释用预报方法进行了 初步分析，提出了数值预报产品检验的一套方法；分析了数值预报产品的季节适用性问题； 就 预报对象和预报着眼点作了进一步分析，在此基础上，提出了汛期和非汛期主要预报对象的 释用预报思路，并列出了相应的释用预报方法。在去冬今春的业务应用中，取得了明显成效 。     

Vertical structures of PM10 and PM 2.5 and their dynamical character in low atmosphere in Beijing urban areas

The vertical structures and their dynamical character of PM2.5 and PM10 over Beijing urban areas are revealed using the 1 min mean continuous mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 at 8, 100, and 320 m heights of the meteorological observation tower of 325 m at Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP CAS tower hereafter) on 10―26 August, 2003, as well as the daily mean mass concentration data of PM2.5 and PM10 and the continuous data of CO and NO2 at 8, 100 (low layer), 200 (middle layer), and 320 m (high layer) heights, in combination with the same period meteorological field observation data of the meteorological tower. The vertical distributions of aerosols observed on IAP CAS tower in Beijing can be roughly divided into two patterns: gradually and rapidly decreasing patterns, I.e. The vertical distribution of aerosols in calm weather or on pollution day belongs to the gradually decreasing pattern, while one on clean day or weak cold air day belongs to the rapidly decreasing pattern. The vertical distributive characters of aerosols were closely related with the dynamical/thermal structure and turbulence character of the atmosphere boundary layer. On the clean day, the low layer PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were close to those at 8 m height, while the concentrations rapidly decreased at the high layer, and their values were only one half of those at 8 m, especially, the concentration of PM2.5 dropped even more. On the clean day, there existed stronger turbulence below 150 m, aerosols were well mixed, but blocked by the more stronger inversion layer aloft, and meanwhile, at various heights, especially in the high layer, the horizontal wind speed was larger, resulting in the rapid decrease of aerosol concentration, I.e. Resulting in the obvious vertical difference of aerosol concentrations between the low and high layers. On the pollution day, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at the low, middle, and high layers dropped successively by, on average, about 10% for each layer in comparison with those at 8 m height. On pollution days, in company with the low wind speed, there existed two shallow inversion layers in the boundary layer, but aerosols might be, to some extent, mixed below the inversion layer, therefore, on the pollution day the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 dropped with height slowly; and the observational results also show that the concentrations at 320 m height were obviously high under SW and SE winds, but at other heights, the concentrations were not correlated with wind directions. The computational results of footprint analysis suggest that this was due to the fact that the 320 m height was impacted by the pollutants transfer of southerly flow from the southern peripheral heavier polluted areas, such as Baoding, and Shijiazhuang of Hebei Province, Tianjin, and Shandong Province, etc., while the low layer was only affected by Beijing's local pollution source. The computational results of power spectra and periods preliminarily reveal that under the condition of calm weather, the periods of PM10 concentration at various heights of the tower were on the order of minutes, while in cases of larger wind speed, the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 at 320 m height not only had the short periods of minute-order, but also the longer periods of hour order. Consistent with the conclusion previously drawn by Ding et al., that air pollutants at different heights and at different sites in Beijing had the character of "in-phase" variation, was also observed for the diurnal variation and mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 at various heights of the tower in this experiment, again confirming the "in-phase" temporal/spatial distributive character of air pollutants in the urban canopy of Beijing. The gentle double-peak character of the mean diurnal variation of PM2.5 and PM10 was closely related with the evident/similar diurnal variation of turbulent momentum fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, and turbulent kinetic energy at various heights in the urban canopy. Besides, under the condition of calm weather, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 declined with height slowly, it was 90% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, a little lesser than 90% at the middle layer, and 80% at the high layer, respectively. Under the condition of weak cold air weather, the concentration remarkably dropped with height, it was 70% of 8 m concentration at the low layer, and 20%―30% at the middle and high layers, especially the concentration of PM2.5 was even lower.