石棉控制法规及其检测方法

介绍了石棉的特性、危害,以及在建筑、纺织、设备制造业和国防工业等方面的应用情况.讨论了能够导致石棉肺、恶性间皮瘤、肺癌、支气管癌等恶性疾病的石棉纤维形态及进入人体的途径.对世界卫生组织、国际劳工组织、联合国环境规划署、联合国粮食及农业组织和世界贸易组织,以及美国、欧盟、日本、中国等40多个国家关于石棉控制法规的实施历程...     

Comparative Planetary Space Physics

It has been 60 years since the space physics as new branch of geophysics started to grow in 1957 when the space age was opened by a small satellite called sputnik. The knowledge of Earth and planetary space has been significantly extended and deepened, but the questions we are facing today are more challenging. A consensus reached is that we have to regard the Earth (planet) as an integrated system including all spheres from the inner core to the magnetosphere, and we should try to investigate some questions standing on the ground of interdisciplinary study, especially those questions related to Earth’s (planetary) evolution. Space environment as the outer part of a planetary system, commonly exists in all planets but also exhibits strong diversity. Here, we introduce the short history of basic ideas and methods of comparative study, the advantages on understanding of some issues of global scale, and the prospect from comparative perspective.     

叠合断陷盆地沉积体系分析--以东海丽水-椒江凹陷为例

 丽水-椒江凹陷是我国近海海域典型的叠合断陷盆地。综合分析岩芯、地震、录井、测井等资料,对东海丽水-椒江凹陷沉积体系开展了重点研究。分析认为,古新世研究区主要发育5种沉积体系:扇三角洲体系、三角洲体系、湖泊体系、海洋体系及重力流体系。在此基础上对古新统各组的沉积体系展布进行了深入探讨,其中,断陷初期月桂峰组为湖泊沉积环境,而后断陷继续,海侵发生,沉积环境转变为海洋环境;古新统沉积期三角洲体系主要发育于凹陷西缓坡,以闽浙隆起为物源,扇三角洲主要发育于同沉积断裂控制的东侧陡坡带,在月桂峰及灵峰组沉积期,灵峰潜山出露水面,其两侧形成多个扇三角洲（近岸水下扇）沉积。基于以上研究,预测出研究区的两个有利勘探相带:灵峰潜山两侧扇三角洲（近岸水下扇）及滨浅海（湖）砂体、丽水西次凹西斜坡南部与断块有利构造相匹配的三角洲前缘及滑塌重力流砂体。     

连续流态下好氧颗粒污泥的培养及处理制药废水的性能

在上流式好氧颗粒污泥床反应器中, 以厌氧颗粒污泥和好氧絮状活性污泥为接种泥, 采用人工配制的模拟废水, 成功培养出性能优异的好氧颗粒污泥.反应器内污泥浓度稳定在5g/L左右, 颗粒污泥粒径为0.5~2.0mm, 当进水COD为2000mg/L, 容积负荷为4.8kg/(m3·d)时, 系统对COD的去除率稳定在96%以上.通过扫描电镜观察, 好氧颗粒污泥是层状结构, 表面有大量丝状菌缠绕, 内部有短杆菌和空穴存在.逐步提高制药废水在进水中的比例, 经过47d的培养, 生物制药废水完全取代模拟废水, 系统对COD、NH₃-N、TP的去除率分别稳定在90%、90%和70%以上.      

裂谷盆地形成的动力学机制及其含油气性

以澳大利亚南部的吉普斯兰盆地和中国东北部的松辽盆地为例，通过对它们所处的地理位置、内部结构构造特征、油气藏类型、油气藏的分布特征、生储盖特征以及形成时代的比较，对纵向拼合式裂谷盆地形成的动力学机制及其含油气性作了探讨。阐明了具有相似结构构造特征和演化历史，同一时期处于相近地理环境中的沉积盆地，应具有相似的含油气远景；而这一切都是由近似的成盆动力学机制，即：地球深部动力所诱发的远源板内应力、地幔底辟等因素所控制的，再一次证明了裂谷类型的沉积盆地在油气勘探中的重要性；指明了在我国东部原裂谷系中开展油气普查勘探工作的必要性     

云南锅底塘东邻唐家坝组＼“大老堡组”界线层型

“云南麻栗坡地区矿产远景调查”及与之匹配的“越北古陆北缘地质构造演化及其成矿效应研究”中,经实测剖面和填图扫面,以“岩石地层单位填图”的要义比照,测区晚寒武世及相涉延及早奥陶世早期的岩石地层单位序列宜为：唐家坝组＼“大老堡组”＼博菜田组。其中,“大老堡组”为新拟建增设单位,也导致相关临叠地层单位现在定义和分割界面的更新。介绍唐家坝组＼“大老堡组”界线层型及其层型界面所反映的沉积环境转换面属性,上、下邻叠岩层联合构成的标志层组合,是融地层学、沉积学为一体“’的优化挟择。     

岩石磁性与低温流体成矿作用关系探讨

大量研究表明 ,低温流体通过改变岩石中磁性矿物的组成而改变了岩石的磁化率和剩磁等磁性参数 ,利用岩石磁学和古地磁学的方法能够帮助区分不同时期和类型的流体事件。笔者认为流体对围岩的影响受岩石组织类型的控制 ,通过研究岩石组织类型可望了解磁性矿物转变和重磁化的机制。文章通过金矿围岩地球化学和磁性参数对比的实例分析 ,提出岩石组织内部磁场也可能对流体的成矿作用发生重要影响。流体在萃取围岩中有用元素或发生成矿物质聚集的同时也可能导致新的磁性矿物形成。在此过程中 ,磁性矿物的晶体生长以化学剩磁的方式记录下环境磁场 ,由此可以研究流体运移轨迹。     

数字地震观测中由台风产生的震颤信号分析

本文的工作源于我们在以宽频数字地震计和倾斜、重力仪开展对"慢地震"、"前驱波"等信号连续观测和分析的过程中,观测到不少异常的波动信号.在探讨这些异常信号的产生原因的研究中,发现其中一部分由热带气旋(台风)产生.     

Elements and Element Components of the Rural Landscape in Linpan of Western Sichuan in Relation to Perception,Preference and Stress Recovery

Natural environments contribute to people’s perception, preference and health restoration. Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape, but few have integrated perception, preference and stress recovery simultaneously. This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan, China, and distributed it online as part of a survey. As a result, a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire included demographic details, perception and preference degree for Linpan, as well as self-estimations of stress recovery. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed, and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception, preference and stress recovery in rural environments. In terms of elements, atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived, while woodland, farmland, water, residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference. Moreover, seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery. Among the element components, tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception, while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery. The five element components of woodland interior, vegetable field, stream, courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery. These findings extend the understanding of the perception, preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan, helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.     

塔里木盆地水汽含量的计算与特征分析

利用1976-2009 年塔里木盆地的和田、库车、若羌、喀什和民丰5 个探空站的实测资料计算了逐月平均水汽含量,并建立了与地面水汽压的关系式;利用这种关系式计算了盆地及周边地区28 个站水汽含量,进行了EOF分解,得出了水汽分布形式;分析了地表水汽压随高度的变化;对在盆地腹地及周边地区进行的GPS观测资料进行了水汽含量的反演,并与探空计算值进行了对比。结果表明：盆地内水汽含量有两个高值区,主要分布在盆地西部和北部的边缘地带,中心水汽含量在13~14 mm,均位于塔里木河干流、叶尔羌河流域、阿克苏河支流周围的绿洲地区。塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地是水汽的低值区中心,水汽含量仅为7~8 mm,塔中是所有站中水汽量最少的,由中心向外逐渐增加,在环塔里木盆地的西部、北部绿洲区达到最高,然后由于海拔高度的影响又逐渐减小。塔里木盆地地基GPS反演水汽数据与探空计算值存在良好的线性关系。