恒山地区部分熔融地质体填图方法的尝试

五台群地层呈东西向分布在恒山东段中部,其北为高角闪岩相的恒山片麻杂岩,两者岩性呈渐变过渡关系,由此萌发出片麻杂岩是五台群地层部分熔融而来的思路。经过填图实践,总结出地层与片麻岩体之间存在着仍属地层范畴的片麻岩层这一无序岩石地层单位,并建立起它的填图标志。与地层呈渐变关系的片麻岩体外貌复杂、边界不清,不同于具有一定侵入关系、边界明显、成分均一的片麻岩体,据此划分了原地片麻岩体与异地片麻岩体两个系列。     

Reconstruction of the upper pleistocene glaciation of East PamirRekonstruktion der oberpleistozänen vergletscherung des ostpamirsReconstruction de la glaciation du Pamir oriental dans le pleistocène supérieur

The paper deals with type, age, and climatic conditions of the last vast glaciation in the East Pamir Mountains. The combination of paleobotanic and geomorphological data as well as absolute age dating of the Kara-Kul lake terrace (27,700 ± 700 years old) supports the thesis that maximum glaciation occurred in the Upper Pleistocene, 14–15 thousand years ago. By special calculations it was established that the tectonic factor of glaciation practically did not exist. This confirmed the existing opinion of a number of scientists that by the beginning of the Upper Pleistocene the Pamir Mountains had almost achieved their present altitude. The analysis of paleobotanic literature permitted the assumption that the amount of precipitation was about the same as it is now: 750 mm/year at an altitude of 4950 m (altitude of the present-day firn line). It was established that the Upper Pleistocene glaciation was caused only by general climatic cooling.     

Palynofacies in upper cretaceous sediments of northern Siberia

Different palynomorph groups (spores and pollen of terrestrial plants, dinoflagellate cysts, prasinophytes, acritarchs, Zygnemataceae algae, and others) have been thoroughly studied to define major patterns in their distribution depending on the impact of different environmental factors and to establish their paleoecological characteristics. The comparative analysis of palynomorph assemblages from coeval Cenomanian-Coniacian sediments of the Ust’-Yenisei area, Berezovskaya 23k, Yuzhno-Russkaya 113, Leningradskaya-1 boreholes and Santonian-Campanian sequences of the Ust’-Yenisei, Khatanga and Polar Urals regions reveals transgressive-regressive cycles, which are best evident in coastal sections and smoothed in their marine counterparts. The biofacies and compositions of palynomorphs form the regular succession from the periphery toward central parts of the West Siberian basin. The facies successions in Santonian-Campanian sections of the eastern and western parts of the basin are inconsistent with each other, which may be explained by influence of both the West Siberian and Russian seas on sedimentation in its western areas.     

长三角创新产学合作与企业创新绩效:尺度与效应北大核心CSCDCSSCI

产学合作网络是长三角创新共同体建设的重要方面,而当前经济地理学相关研究集中在“本地/全球”二元尺度讨论上,缺乏多尺度产学合作效应的比较分析。基于IncoPat专利数据,本文从尺度和效应视角探讨了长三角创新产学合作与企业创新绩效的关系,得到以下结论:①长三角创新产学合作的空间格局呈现以省会城市为中心的星芒状结构,核心城市占据的网络优势地位能够助力其在网络中获取创新资源,并且高校资源的不均衡分布特征进一步巩固了省会城市的优势地位,使得长三角创新产学合作格局具有明显的路径依赖特征。②本省与长三角区域尺度创新产学合作对企业创新绩效的影响要显著高于其他尺度。从区域尺度客观看待高校在空间创新进程中的作用尤为重要。③长三角创新产学合作的平均距离与企业创新绩效间呈现显著的倒“U”型关系,并且工科院校产学合作的作用和极值点均要大于综合院校和其他院校。由此,本文提出以下建议:一方面应该加快推进以区域尺度创新产学合作为重点的产学合作体系建设;另一方面应当强化薄弱地区产学合作的多尺度耦合网络建设,着力提升薄弱地区的网络地位。     

一种基于网格的空间聚类方法在区域划分中的应用

区域划分是依据人口和社会经济指标将行政统计单元或其他地理实体划分成若干个不同水平或类别的集合。由于大多数的人口和社会经济指标来源于面状数据-行政统计单元,常用的区域划分的空间聚类方法是基于面状数据的,本文通过分析现有面状数据的聚类算法特点和不足,进而提出一种新的算法,该方法提出将面状统计单元进行网格划分,引入基于网格密度聚类算法的思想,克服现有面状聚类的诸多缺点,打破行政区划的限制,更好地发现潜在信息。     

Simulation of subsurface heat and water dynamics, and runoff generation in mountainous permafrost conditions, in the Upper Kolyma River basin, Russia

The Hydrograph model (a distributed process-based model) was applied to the simulation of soil freeze-thaw and runoff processes, to assess the viability of the model approach and the influence of specific environmental factors in a permafrost environment. Three mountainous permafrost watersheds were studied, at the Kolyma Water Balance Station in north-eastern Russia. The watersheds include rocky talus, mountainous tundra and moist larch-forest landscape regimes, and they were modelled at daily time-steps for the period 1971–1984. Simulated results of soil freeze-thaw depth and runoff showed reasonable agreement with observed values. This study reveals and mathematically describes the dependence of surface and subsurface flow on thawing depth and landscape characteristics. Process analysis and modelling in permafrost regions, including ungauged basins, is suggested, with observable properties of landscapes being used as model parameters, combined with an appropriate level of physically based conceptualization.     

川东北楼房洞洞穴环境时空变化与影响因素

基于2011年8月―2012年6月的实地监测数据,文章报道了川东北楼房洞溶洞系统气温、相对湿度（RH）、CO2体积分数、水体电导率（EC）和pH值等为期近1年的监测结果,并对其影响因素进行了分析。结果显示楼房洞洞穴系统环境存在明显的空间变化和季节变化：1）洞穴内的气温变化幅度比洞穴外小,洞穴内夏季气温比冬季高出3~5℃;2）在洞穴内,相对湿度在地下河附近小于在水池附近,显示了地下河对洞穴环境的显著影响;3）洞内监测点SLPB和QCMY处的相对湿度与空气温度出现明显相反的变化趋势,反映主要受气温控制的特点;4）雨季期间SLPB、QCMY和LZLY处的CO2体积分数出现峰值,是较强的生物呼吸作用、“泵”效应和较弱的通风效应等因素综合影响的结果;5）pH值的变化趋势在洞穴内外各监测点一致,原因可能是夏秋季节基岩溶蚀较强所致。6）洞内各监测点的EC值也是夏秋季节高于冬春季节,反映了气候变化导致的化学溶蚀作用可能是影响离子含量的主要因素。     

历史传承与现代化的对接——北京城市建设新风貌

北京城市建设日新月异,以惊人的速度、超常的规模,黍列国际大都会行列。但800年古都、风韵犹存;本文论述对东西长安街和南北中轴线空间布局的棋盘格局;地铁选线与设计的乡土特色,古树名木的历史见证与城市记忆,为读者解读北京城市建设现代化过程中,体现历史文化传承潜规则的精彩与和谐。     

Evolutionary stages of the karst-anthropogenic system of the Yucatán Peninsula

An analysis is made of the karst geomorphosystems of the Yucatán Peninsula. It is found that the main factors influencing its formation were climate and ocean level oscillations, tectonic movements, and impact effects. It is established that as a result of an active influence of the Maya civilization on the karst landscape of the peninsula, the geomorphosystems was transformed to the karst-anthropogenic system. The karstic landforms, and also the underground caverns experienced the anthropogenic impact, and the subsurface waters were particularly heavily influenced, which, on the one hand, determined the places of concentration of settlements and were actively consumed by the population, and, on the other, their reserves were replenished at regular intervals as a result of the creation of artificial subsurface water storages. In a further transformation of the karst-anthropogenic system, two stages were additionally identified: dominated by natural karstic processes (after the decline of the Maya civilization), and with a renewed intensification of anthropogenic pressure (1980s–current period). The last transformation stage is distinguished by an extension of the impact to the surface karst as well as to the underground caverns: they are subjected to mechanical destruction with an enhancement in the chemical impact as a result of inputs of polluted runoffs to encompass ever deeper horizons of subsurface waters. It is established that the rates of transformation processes of anthropogenic objects created of limestone are, in general, comparable with the mean rates of natural karstic processes on the neighboring territories: the formation of karrens on Maya steles is generally proceeding at the rate of 0.04 mm/year, while the growth rates of flowstones within urban structures of limestone vary from 0.03 to 0.6 mm/year.     

河南省洛宁县寨凹钼矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因

寨凹钼矿床位于华北克拉通南缘的熊耳地体．矿床定位受马超营断裂带的次级断裂控制,矿体呈脉状贼存于太华超群石板沟组黑云角闪斜长片麻岩中。成矿过程包括3个阶段：石英-辉钼矿阶段（I）、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅱ）、石英-碳酸盐阶段（Ⅲ）,其中,I阶段为主成矿阶段。寨凹钼矿床可见2类流体包裹体,即水溶液型和含子晶包裹体;激光拉曼指示包裹体成分主要为H2O。从早到晚,流体包裹体均一温度从I阶段100～260℃,经Ⅱ阶段110～160℃．变化为Ⅲ阶段120—180℃．矿床总体属于低温热液矿床：流体包裹体盐度从I阶段的2～25wt％NaCl．eqv演化至Ⅱ阶段的6—30wt％NaCl．eqv．然后降为Ⅲ阶段的7～25wt％NaCl．eqv。I阶段均一温度范围宽广、流体包裹体盐度由双峰式演化为单峰式以及包裹体温度-盐度双变图的负相关性指示了流体混合是主要的成矿机制。寨凹钼矿流体包裹体以高密度、高盐度的低温低压流体为特征,是含CaCl,流体参与成矿的结果,热的岩浆流体与冷的含CaCl,的卤水的混合．导致了辉钼矿的沉淀。寨凹钼矿床地质和流体包裹体特征与侵入岩相关的成矿系统一致．指示其成因类型为与侵入岩有关的钼矿床．