右江断裂带的新构造活动

本文根据近年来野外考察的实际资料,总结了右江断裂带的新构造活动特征。指出新生代以来,桂西地区受到近东西向或北西西—南东东向主压应力的作用,使北西走向的右江断裂带作左旋走滑为主的运动,形成了走滑断层所具有的典型的构造地貌形态。此外,对右江断裂带的地震活动进行了讨论。     

掀斜块体滑脱深度的几何学研究

本文从几何学的角度,根据掀斜块体长度、掀斜角、脊的隆起量和边界断层倾角等几何要素,推导出了计算掀斜块体滑脱深度的表达式。结果表明,旋转平面状正断层围限块体的滑脱深度与脆韧性转换带上顶面深度一致,为10—15公里;铲形正断层围限块体的滑脱深度达到或超过脆韧性转换带深度,为20—30公里     

内蒙古自治区阿拉善左旗腾格里工业园区供水水文地质详查数据集

2011年内蒙古自治区阿拉善左旗腾格里工业园区供水水文地质详查数据集是对内蒙古自治区地质调查院承担的“内蒙古自治区阿拉善左旗腾格里工业园区供水水文地质详查”项目提供的钻孔抽水试验成果（12个钻孔点）、地下水水化学成果（40个水样）、岩土样试验成果（102个岩土样）、地下水位统测（35个测试点）四组数据整理而得。其中,钻孔抽水试验成果数据主要包括水位埋深、静止水位标高、水位降深、涌水量、渗透系数、导水系数、矿化度等;地下水水化学成果数据主要包括游离CO₂、H₂SiO₃、溶解性固体、总硬度、总碱度、Ph值等;岩土样试验成果数据主要包括给水度、含盐量、颗粒组成等;地下水位统测主要包括取水层位、含水层顶底板埋深、水位埋深、水位标高、水利性质等内容。通过校核和验证,所有结果均在误差范围之内。对于地表水资源贫乏地区,围绕该地区对水资源的需求,以选择供水水源地为勘查目的,为科学合理的利用地下水资源提供依据,保证经济和生态环境的可持续发展。为了更好地利用这些数据,采用国内规范的数据处理方法和原则,对试验数据进行整理和质量控制。     

福建沿岸海域赤潮发生特点及防治措施

根据多年来福建沿岸海域发生赤潮的情况及相关资料，概述了该海域赤潮发生的主要趋势、时间、区域、种类和危害等特点，分析和讨论了赤潮发生的自然因素和人为因素；并指出赤潮防灾和减灾工作中存在的主要问题是海洋综合管理力量薄弱，海洋法律法规不够健全，海洋执法能力有待加强，海洋事业经费投入不足．在此基础上提出了防治福建沿岸海域赤潮灾害的如下措施和建议：进一步调查和研究赤潮发生的类型并分析其主要成因；建立健全福建省近岸海域环境监测网络和海洋环境监测系统，大力开展具有福建区域特色的赤潮生物及其有害赤潮发生机理等科学研究；控制陆源污染，减少含氮污染物的排放总量和入海量，提倡和推广使用农家肥，提高生活污水的处理效率；认真研究和分析港湾的环境容量，合理开发福建的海水养殖业；加强围填海等涉海工程对海水动力学影响的研究，以及加强对船舶压仓水等带来外来赤潮生物影响的研究等．     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in seal populations from eastern and western Canada: an assessment of the processes and factors controlling PBDE distribution in seals

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were measured in the blubber of five mother-pup pairs of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from Sable Island, Nova Scotia (NS) sampled in 1995 and in 20 harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from British Columbia (BC) sampled in 1991-1992. Concentrations in maternal grey seals from Sable Island averaged 112+/-55.2 ng/g lipid (mean+/-s.d.) and were over twice the concentrations measured in their pups; higher brominated PBDEs showed a distinct decline in PBDEs transfer efficiency in mother-pup pairs as a function of increasing K(o/w). Hepta-BDEs and higher molecular weight (MW) congeners appear not to be transferred efficiently from the grey seals mother to pup during lactation on the basis of lipid/water partitioning (as indicated by ln K(o/w)) and this may be a consequence of molecular size (MW>600 Da) which may limit diffusion and partitioning. PBDE concentrations in blubber from harbour seals from the Strait of Georgia averaged 319+/-132 ng/g lipid (mean+/-s.d., n=13), while those from the more remote and less contaminated Quatsino Sd. averaged 27.8+/-11.8 ng/g (mean+/-s.d., n=7). Tri- to hexa-BDEs were appreciably enriched in Strait of Georgia harbour seals relative to those from Quatsino Sd, suggesting that the former were closer to PBDE sources. The main congeners identified in all samples were BDEs 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154. Data were compared to those in ringed seals sampled from Holman, North West Territories (NWT), in 1996. The Holman samples had a higher proportion of lower bromination congeners, and a lower proportion of higher bromination congeners, than did the Sable Island and BC seal samples, consistent with selection in favour of more volatile compounds during atmospheric transport to the Arctic.     

Changes in trace metals in Thalassia testudinum after hurricane impacts

Major hurricanes Emily and Wilma hit the Mexican Caribbean in 2005. Changes in trace metals in the seagrass Thalassiatestudinum prior to (May 2004, 2005) and following passage of these hurricanes (May, June 2006) were determined at four locations along a ∼130 km long stretch of coast. Before the hurricanes, essential metals were likely limiting and concentrations of potentially toxic Pb were high in a contaminated lagoon (27.5 μg g⁻¹) and near submarine springs (6.10 μg g⁻¹); the likely sources were inland sewage disposal or excessive boat traffic. After the hurricanes, Pb decreased to 2.0 μg g⁻¹ in the contaminated lagoon probably through flushing. At the northern sites, essential Fe increased >2-fold (from 26.8 to 68.3 μg g⁻¹ on average), possibly from remobilization of anoxic sediments or upwelling of deep seawater during Wilma. Thus, hurricanes can be beneficial to seagrass beds in flushing toxic metals and replenishing essential elements.     

内蒙古腾格里地下水化学特征及高氟、高矿化水成因探讨

由于受地层岩性、构造、地貌、气候、径流条件及人为等因素的影响,腾格里地区不同部位形成了不同水质类型的地下水,为了合理开发利用地下水,研究其分布规律和形成机制及演化过程,有着重要意义。     

First evidence of altered vitellogenin-like protein levels in clam Tapes philippinarum and in cockle Cerastoderma glaucum from the Lagoon of Venice

Possible xenoestrogenic effects were investigated, for the first time, in two bivalve species from the Lagoon of Venice (Italy): the clam Tapes philippinarum and the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum. Bivalves were collected far from their reproductive phase at the very early stage of gametogenesis (January), and in the pre-spawning period (June) in six sites. Vitellogenin (Vg)-like proteins (a biomarker of exposure to estrogenic compounds) were measured by the alkali-labile phosphate method (ALP), in both haemolymph and digestive gland from males and females (when it was possible to distinguish sex by microscopic observation of gonadal tissue). Haemolymph calcium concentrations (a parameter considered closely related to the presence of Vg-like proteins) and the bivalve condition index (CI) were also measured. In both seasons, bivalves collected at Campalto (near a sewage treatment plant) and Marghera (a highly contaminated area) had higher Vg-like protein levels, particularly in haemolymph, than animals from the other sampling sites. Interestingly, CI had high values in these polluted sites. In June only, Vg-like proteins and Ca(2+) levels in haemolymph exhibited similar trends in both bivalve species at most sampling sites. The responsiveness of bivalves to environmental xenoestrogens was higher in June, allowing better discrimination among sites. The present study demonstrates that animals from highly polluted areas have increased Vg-like protein levels. As endocrine disruption due to exposure to estrogenic compounds may cause fertility reduction, alterations in the sex ratio, and a decrease in reproductive rate, a condition of potential risk for bivalve populations in estuarine areas is highlighted.