Research on runoff variations based on wavelet analysis and wavelet neural network model: A case study of the Heihe River drainage basin (1944?2005)

The Heihe River drainage basin is one of the endangered ecological regions of China. The shortage of water resources is the bottleneck, which constrains the sustainable development of the region. Many scholars in China have done researches concerning this problem. Based on previous researches, this paper analyzed characteristics, tendencies, and causes of annual runoff variations in the Yingluo Gorge (1944–2005) and the Zhengyi Gorge (1954–2005), which are the boundaries of the upper reaches, the middle reaches, and the lower reaches of the Heihe River drainage basin, by wavelet analysis, wavelet neural network model, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that: (1) annual runoff variations of the Yingluo Gorge have principal periods of 7 years and 25 years, and its increasing rate is 1.04 m3/s·10y; (2) annual runoff variations of the Zhengyi Gorge have principal periods of 6 years and 27 years, and its decreasing rate is 2.25 m3/s·10y; (3) prediction results show that: during 2006–2015, annual runoff variations of the Yingluo and Zhengyi gorges have ascending tendencies, and the increasing rates are respectively 2.04 m3/s·10y and 1.61 m3/s·10y; (4) the increase of annual runoff in the Yingluo Gorge has causal relationship with increased temperature and precipitation in the upper reaches, and the decrease of annual runoff in the Zhengyi Gorge in the past decades was mainly caused by the increased human consumption of water resources in the middle researches. The study results will provide scientific basis for making rational use and allocation schemes of water resources in the Heihe River drainage basin.     

青藏高原北部成矿带划分

青藏高原北部地质构造复杂,成矿条件优越,金属矿产资源成群成带分布特征明显,研究程度相对较低。通过对1999年以来,在青藏高原北部空白区相继完成的1∶25万区域地质调查、1∶5万区域地质调查和一批1∶50万、1∶20万区域化探成果资料的综合研究,根据青藏高原北部金属矿产资源的时、空分布特征,结合区域物、化探资料和区域成矿地质背景,将青藏高原北部地区初步划分为3个级成矿带(域),5个级成矿带,9个级成矿带,对以后青藏高原北部地区地质矿产勘查评价工作具有十分重要的意义。     

科尔沁沙地30种植物叶凋落物CO2释放量及释放速率的研究

 采用可以有效控制环境因子的室内土壤培养试验，初步研究了科尔沁沙地30种植物叶凋落物的CO₂释放量及释放速率。结果表明：①在28 d培养期内，不同植物叶凋落物释放的CO₂量差异很大，其中，多年生植物叶凋落物CO₂释放量平均值大于一年生植物，但二者之间的差异不显著；禾本科植物叶凋落物CO₂释放量平均值明显小于其他植物，二者之间呈显著差异。②在28 d培养期内，不同植物叶凋落物每四天CO₂释放速率差异很大。一年生与多年生植物叶凋落物28 d内每四天释放CO₂的速率无显著差异；禾本科与其他植物叶凋落物每四天释放CO₂的速率在培养的前16 d差异呈显著，而后差异消失。③植物叶凋落物的全碳含量，氮含量，C／N，灰分/N及灰分含量不同造成CO₂释放量及释放速率的差异。叶凋落物28 d释放CO₂的量与叶凋落物初始碳含量及灰分含量均无相关关系，与叶凋落物初始氮含量呈显著正相关，与叶凋落物C／N及灰分／N呈显著负相关。叶凋落物培养期内每四天释放CO₂的速率与叶凋落物初始碳含量无相关关系；叶凋落物0\_20天释放CO₂的速率与叶凋落物初始氮含量呈显著正相关，与叶凋落物C／N呈显著负相关；叶凋落物9\_28天CO₂释放速率与灰分／N呈显著负相关；培养后期（17\_28天）的CO₂释放速率与灰分含量呈显著负相关。     

青藏高原北缘深部地壳结构特征及其形成机制探讨

柴达木盆地－祁连山地区位于青藏高原北缘，同青藏高原主体一样，该区具有多层地壳结构特征，并普遍出现壳内低速层，地壳厚度是华北及华南地区的2倍以上。其形成可能与地壳的横向挤压缩短及幔源物质的底侵作用有关。随着底侵作用增强，地壳厚度加大，岩石圈厚度则越趋于减薄，地壳上部表现为拉张，下部发生壳幔深熔及幔源流体的交代作用，从而导致了地壳低速层，地热和浅源地震的发育。同时，这也是青藏高原出现热壳冷幔的原因之一。     

On Continent-Continent Point-Collision and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism

Up to now it is known that almost all ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism of non-impact origin occurred in continent-continent collisional orogenic belt, as has been evidenced by many outcrops in the eastern hemisphere. UHP metamorphic rocks are represented by coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogites and eclogite facies metamorphic rocks formed at 650-800℃ and 2.6-3.5 GPa, and most of the protoliths of UHP rocks are volcanic-sedimentary sequences of continental crust. From these it may be deduced that deep subduction of continental crust may have occurred. However, UHP rocks are exposed on the surface or occur near the surface now, which implies that they have been exhumed from great depths. The mechanism of deep subduction of continental crust and subsequent exhumation has been a hot topic of the research on continental dynamics, but there are divergent views. The focus of the dispute is how deep continental crust is subducted so that UHP rocks can be formed and what mechanism causes it to be subducte     

断层带爆炸裂隙区范围及裂纹扩展长度的研究

常用求算岩石内爆炸裂隙区半径的计算公式中忽略了冲击波的作用、粉碎区的存在以及爆生气体的准静态作用。醉对该公式进行修正后并引和断层带应力波衰减指数α，并对尖力波损伤后的裂隙区的扩展长度进行分析计算，从而得出：考虑“预报伤”作用的爆炸裂纹长度大于不考虑“预损伤”情况下的裂纹长度。     

高精度局部区域GPS水准计算方法的探讨

针对现有各种 GPS水准存在的缺陷 ,我们运用现代计算数学的最新研究成果 ,提出了一种新的 GPS水准 B样条最小二乘拟合法。通过对我国西南某地区的 GPS测量成果进行处理的具体结果可以看出 ,该方法是一种更适用于高精度 GPS水准的拟合方法     

苏北大陆科学钻探靶区重磁异常反演解释

对江苏东海县毛北地区重、磁观测异常进行了处理和特征分析,并根据科学钻探主要目标体榴辉岩与其围岩有达0.9×103kg/m3的明显密度差,进行了等效密度反演成像与综合地震约束反演计算.给出了该地区重力异常模型,可作为综合地质与地球物理研究的一个基础.     

山西数字与模拟地震台网的资料对比研究

山西数字遥测地震台网于2000年10月1日投入考核运行，为使数字遥测地震台网与模拟地震台网测定的时、空、强地震参数顺利接轨，尽快发挥数字资料在日常工作中的效益，将山西数字遥测地震台网产出的资料与模拟地震台网产出的资料作了全面细致的对比分析，研究了它们之间的相关程度、一致性、差异性。结果表明，数字地震观测系统比模拟地震观测系统具有更高的拴震率，得出山西数字遥测地震台网产出的资料与模拟地震台网产出资料相关性较好、定位结果在误差范围之内、符合《数字地震及前兆观测技术规范》要求的结论。     

盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站地理信息系统的建设与应用

地理信息系统是对信息进行管理和分析的技术手段 ,为科研作更好的服务 ,本文简单介绍了中国科学院盐亭紫色土农业生态试验站地理信息系统的建设及应用。