区域-时间-长度算法在青海地区的应用研究

应用检测地震活动水平相对变化的区域-时间-长度算法（RTL算法）,分析研究了青海地区有相对较完备小震资料的14次6级以上震例。结果表明,该区6级以上地震发生前在源区或近源区大约120km半径的空间尺度内,‰值能检测到明显的1年内和2年内时间尺度的中期地震活动异常,地震活动增强的“上升型”异常和地震活动平静的“下降型”异常各占一半。     

Geochemical and Isotopic Techniques Constraints on the Origin, Evolution, and Residence Time of Low-enthalpy Geothermal Water in Western Wugongshan, SE China

Geothermal resources are increasingly gaining attention as a competitive, clean energy source to address the energy crisis and mitigate climate change. The Wugongshan area, situated in the southeast coast geothermal belt of China, is a typical geothermal anomaly and contains abundant medium- and low-temperature geothermal resources. This study employed hydrogeochemical and isotopic techniques to explore the cyclic evolution of geothermal water in the western Wugongshan region, encompassing the recharge origin, water–rock interaction mechanisms, and residence time. The results show that the geothermal water in the western region of Wugongshan is weakly alkaline, with low enthalpy and mineralization levels. The hydrochemistry of geothermal waters is dominated by Na-HCO3 and Na-SO4, while the hydrochemistry types of cold springs are all Na-HCO3. The hydrochemistry types of surface waters and rain waters are Na-HCO3 or Ca-HCO3. The δD and δ18O values reveal that the geothermal waters are recharged by atmospheric precipitation at an altitude between 550.0 and 1218.6 m. Molar ratios of major solutes and isotopic compositions of 87Sr/86Sr underscore the significant role of silicate weathering, dissolution, and cation exchange in controlling geothermal water chemistry. Additionally, geothermal waters experienced varying degrees of mixing with cold water during their ascent. The δ13C values suggest that the primary sources of carbon in the geothermal waters were biogenic and organic. The δ34S value suggests that the sulfates in geothermal water originate from sulfide minerals in the surrounding rock. Age dating using 3H and 14C isotopes suggests that geothermal waters have a residence time exceeding 1 kaBP and undergo a long-distance cycling process.     

河流相沉积的河型转换特征与控制因素及其油气地质意义 ——以南苏丹Melut盆地Ruman地区坳陷期Jimidi组为例

河流相砂体是陆相含油气盆地的重要储层类型,其河型的时空转换不仅是研究盆地演化的直接证据,更是精准评价与预测油气储层的核心内容,已成为近年来国内外沉积研究的热点之一.以Melut盆地Ruman地区坳陷期Jimidi组为例,通过开展层序划分、岩相类型与岩相组合分析、高分辨率储层反演、以及砂体平面展布分析,结果表明:1)坳陷...     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)四个不同地理群体数量形态特征比较

采用聚类分析、单因子方差分析和主成分分析方法,对4个不同地理群体大菱鲆进行了12项形态性状的测定,比较了4个群体的外部形态特征。聚类分析结果表明,4种大菱鲆群体中,丹麦和挪威之间及英国和法国之间的差异较小,丹麦、挪威和英国、法国之间的差异较大。方差分析多重比较结果表明,4个群体在部分形态特征上表现出明显差异,其中,英国和法国群体、挪威和丹麦群体之间形态特征差异显著指标较少,丹麦群体和英国群体、丹麦群体和法国群体、挪成群体和英国群体、挪威群体和法国群体之间差异显著指标较多。主成分分析构建了3个反映形态特征信息的综合性指标——主成分1、主成分2和主成分3,三者的贡献率分别为38.663%、14.117%和8.976%,三个主成分的累积贡献率为61.756%.分析结果显示,英国和法国群体、挪威和丹麦群体之间形态差异不显著,丹麦群体和英国群体、丹麦群体和法国群体、挪威群体和英国群体、挪威群体和法国群体之间形态差异显著,且差异主要来源于主成分1,而主成分1主要由经方差分析多重比较差异显著的指标组成,显然,主成分分析与聚类分析、方差分析的结论基本上是类似的,它们从不同的角度反映了群体间的形态学差异.     

The investigation on particulate organic carbon fluxes with disequilibria between thorium-234 and uranium-238 in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean

Dissolved and particulate thorium-234, particulate organic carbon in the upper 150 m of water columns from five stations in the Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean were determined during the 22nd Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （from November 2005 to March 2006 ）. The disequilibria between thorium-234 and its parent uranium-238 in upper layer was used to derive the averaged residence time of thorium-234, which decreased along with the latitude to the south and a minimum value, 1 - 8 d for particulate thorium-234 and 29 - 48 d for dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the medium latitude station, and the export fluxes of thorium-234 were calculated too and ＇a maximum value, 0. 35 -0. 63 Bq/（m^3 · d） for the particulate thorium-234 and 0. 44 -0. 65 Bq/ （m^3 ·d） for the dissolved thorium-234, appeared at the same station. The export fluxes of particulate organic carbon at different water columns were derived by two methods with irreversible scavenging model, and the averaged values were 104. 7 mmol/ （ m2 · d ） （ E method） and 120. 6 mmol/（ m2·d ） （ B method ）, respectively, indicating that a relatively high new production would exist in summer in the Prydz Bay where it will play a potential significant role in sequestering the absorption CO2 to deeper ocean.     

曹娥江大闸钢结构防腐蚀试验研究

根据曹娥江大闸的环境特点,对不同厂家的喷涂金属涂层和富锌涂料进行了浪溅区、潮差区和大气区的室外近2年的暴露试验以及室内近10 500 h的盐雾试验、盐水周期性浸泡试验和盐水浸泡试验.研究结果表明,喷涂金属层耐腐蚀性能普遍优于富锌涂料层;在试验采用的富锌涂料中,高锌粉含量的富锌涂料防腐蚀性能优于低锌粉含量的富锌涂料;从长效防腐蚀角度考虑,建议采用喷涂金属防腐蚀措施.     

养马岛连陆海堤对沉积动力环境的影响

运用水动力和泥沙输运数学模型模拟了养马岛连陆海堤拆除前后的水动力变化以及海底冲淤演变状况。通过对连陆海堤拆除前和后的流场比较,可知连陆海堤拆除后养马岛南部海域流速加大,可达20 cm/a,水流畅通,水体交换能力获得明显的改善;海底蚀淤模拟结果表明,养马岛南部海域淤积情况明显减弱,最大淤积速率仅为1 cm/a,东南侧海域发生侵蚀,最大侵蚀速率为5 cm/a,东侧海域发生普遍淤积,淤积速率在1~5 cm/a之间。连陆海堤拆除后养马岛南部海域海洋环境会得到明显改善。     

南沙群岛西部海域两柱状沉积物中碳和氮的分布和来源特征及埋藏通量估算

对位于南沙群岛海域西部近大陆架-残留沉积区(NS01站)和深海沉积区(NS02站)的2个沉积物柱状样进行了研究,测定了它们的粒度组成、CaCO3含量、总有机碳含量(TOC)、总碳含量(TC)、总有机物含量(TOM)和总氮含量(TN),估算了它们的埋藏通量及陆/海源TOC和TN的相对含量.结果表明,该海域沉积物主要是粒径小于63μm的细粒度组分,粒度组成随深度的变化很小.沉积物粒度不是控制CaCO3含量、TOC、TC、TOM、TN和TOC/TN垂向变化的主要因素.NS01站CaCO3含量、TOC、TC、TOM和TN的含量及埋藏通量均低于NS02站.NS01站TOC/TN随深度的变化主要受控于TN的变化,而NS02站则主要受控于TOC的变化.2个研究站位的TOC和TN均以海洋自生为主,NS01站沉积物中海洋自生TOC和TN的平均值分别为53.2%和81.4%,NS02站沉积物中海洋自生TOC和TN的平均值分别为64.5%和87.7%.     

SPOT影像光束法平差复共线性消除

CCD卫星影像空间后方交会时,存在系数矩阵列向量间的强相关的问题,用光束法平差同样存在这个问题,将光束法平差与线角元素分求法、广义岭估计、附有限制条件的平差结合,证实三种方法都可以克服平差时外元素和变率改正数震荡大的缺点,并且取得了合理的空间后方交会精度和地面点定位精度。     

基于ERDAS的SPOT5卫星影像正射校正方法研究

海岛海岸带卫星遥感调查与评价项目以高分辨率卫星遥感影像数据为基础。项目区块地形有一半为山地和丘陵,地形起伏较大,常规的几何校正难以消除因地形起伏引起的影像几何变形,必须进行正射校正。根据现有数据特点和项目要求,提出了可行的正射校正流程,基于SPOT5物理模型对融合影像进行正射校正,实验校正结果完全满足精度要求。