WEKU – a GIS-Supported stochastic model of groundwater residence times in upper aquifers for the supraregional groundwater management

 The supraregional GIS-supported stochastical model, WEKU, for the determination of groundwater residence times in the upper aquifers of large groundwater provinces is presented. Using a two-dimensional analytical model of groundwater flow, groundwater residence times are determined within two extreme cases. In the first case, maximal groundwater residence times are calculated, representing the part of groundwater, that is drained by the main surface water of a groundwater catchment area. In the second case, minimal groundwater residence times for drainage into the nearest surface water are determined. Using explicit distribution functions of the input parameters, mean values as well as potential ranges of variations of the groundwater residence times are derived. The WEKU model has been used for the determination of groundwater residence times throughout Germany. The model results – mean values and deviations of the groundwater velocity and the maximal and minimal groundwater residence times in the upper aquifers – are presented by general maps and discussed in detail. It is shown that the groundwater residence times in the upper aquifer vary regionally, differentiated between less than 1 year and more than 2000 years. Using this information, the time scales can be specified, until measures to remediate polluted groundwater resources may lead to a substantial groundwater quality improvement in the different groundwater provinces of Germany. With respect to its supraregional scale of application, the WEKU model may serve as a useful tool for the supraregional groundwater management on a state, federal or international level. Received: 15 August 1995 · Accepted: 15 October 1995     

Radon variations in a Hungarian village

 A steady radon exhalation is assumed in most publications. In a village of North-East Hungary, however, high radon concentrations have been measured, differing strongly in neighbouring houses and varying in time, due to the interplay of geochemical phenomena. Received: 20 November 1995 · Accepted: 18 June 1996     

A possible presence of HeH+ in white dwarfs

The equivalent width calculations for the fundamental vibration rotation band lines of HeH⁺ have been carried out for a non-DA white dwarf model with an effective temperature of 12 000 K. BothP andR branch lines with rotational quantum numbersJ=3 to 18 were included in the calculations. A search for these lines in helium rich white dwarfs is suggested.     

STORING AND CATALOGUING ARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY MATERIAL

The paper describes the material generated in carrying out architectural photogrammetric surveys. The importance of the archival nature of this material is highlighted and reference is made to the indexing and storing of the records.     

Die Entfernung von Cadmiumionen aus Spülwässern der galvanischen Industrie mittels Ionenaustausch

In laboratory investigations with model waters, the behaviour of selected cation-exchange resins (Amberlite 200 C, Duolite C-25, Lewatit S-100, Wofatit KPS and Wofatit KS-10) is tested. The usable volume capacity of the resins in the forms of H, Na and NH₄ as well as the water content and the total volume capacity after 25 cycles of loading/regeneration are determined. It is recommended to use Amberlite 200 C and Wofatit KS-10.     

River Warren boulders, Minnesota, USA: catastrophic paleoflow indicators in the southern spillway of glacial Lake Agassiz

Boulders resting on meltwater-sculpted and striated-granite bedrock near the head of the southern outlet spillway of glacial Lake Agassiz are used to generate paleodischarge calculations. The rounded nature of many boulders suggests fluvial transport and a corestone origin. The distribution of boulders in clusters and linear trains records the interaction of clasts during transport and deposition. The geomorphology of the spillway with streamlined erosional remnant hills is characteristic of other large flood spillways. Using the Manning equation and a variety of empirical equations to determine paleovelocity, preferred discharges between 0.364 and 0.102 Sv are calculated. These discharges agree well with flood discharges using modeling methodologies, and most likely represent ephemeral and catastrophic flood events linked to either episodic incision at the outlet or the result of rapid inputs of meltwater to Lake Agassiz.