Petrogenesis and Significance of the Jebel Dumbier Alkaline-Carbonatite Complex from North Margin of Nuba Mountains, Sudan

<正>1 Introduction Scientific study of the geology and mineral resources in Sudan is rather limited.Jebel Dumbier is the first identified carbonatite-bearing alkaline complex in Sudanby El SharkawiEl Raba'a in 1973.It is located in Northern Kordofan Province on the northeastern margin of the Nuba Mountains.The complex exposed as small     

黑河地区绿洲一沙漠环流的数值模拟研究

地气相互作用现象的研究对预测未来气候变化意义重大。黑河地区绿洲和沙漠戈壁地表间水热特性的强烈差异所引发的绿洲—沙漠中尺度环流 ,能够影响该区绿洲生态系统的维持和发展。利用中尺度数值模式RAMS成功地再现了黑河地区绿洲—沙漠环流 ,同时对环流出现时温、湿场的模拟分析表明 ,绿洲—沙漠环流的发生和发展直接依赖于非均匀下垫面热力场的差异 ,白天发展强盛 ,夜间作用小。环流作用能够保证绿洲—沙漠系统的物质和能量平衡 ,对沙漠戈壁环境中绿洲的维持十分重要     

冰晶核化动力学在地形云中的应用

1.引言控制对流云和地形云增雨的主要因子包括目标云和播撒(或催化)物质的特有性能.对于冷云播撤,成核剂的关键的可变因素包括核化机制、核化时间速率和产量(或成核率).在被催化的云中,有效的核化时间可能十分短促.对流云中上升气流使气溶胶粒子     

锋、急流和对流层顶的结构及动力学

1.高层锋和急流二十世纪初期风筝等携带气象计的温度探测,首次使气象研究工作者观测到锋的垂直结构.Bjerknes和Palmén(1937)运用这些新观测论述了锋的"过渡带"结构,修正了早期的零阶不连续锋的概念.随着高空天气观测网空间分辨率的提高,研究人员优化了他们的关于锋、急流和对流层顶的概念模式.     

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agro-Ecosystems and Their Contribution to Environmental Change in the Indus Basin of Pakistan

There is growing concern that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have been responsible for global warming through their effect on radiation balance and temperature. The magnitude of emissions and the relative importance of different sources vary widely, regionally and locally. The Indus Basin of Pakistan is the food basket of the country and agricultural activities are vulnerable to the effects of global warming due to accelerated emissions of GHGs. Many developments have taken place in the agricultural sector of Pakistan in recent decades in the background of the changing role of the government and the encouragement of the private sector for investment in new ventures. These interventions have considerable GHG emission potential. Unfortunately, no published information is currently available on GHG concentrations in the Indus Basin to assess their magnitude and emission trends. The present study is an attempt to estimate GHG （CO2, CH4 and N2O） emissions arising from different agro-ecosystems of Indus Basin. The GHGs were estimated mostly using the IPCC Guidelines and data from the published literature. The results showed that CH4 emissions were the highest （4.126 Tg yr^-1） followed by N20 （0.265 Tg yr^-1） and CO2 （52.6 Tg yr^-1）. The sources of CH4 are enteric fermentation, rice cultivation and cultivation of other crops. N2O is formed by microbial denitrification of NO3 produced from applied fertilizer-N on cropped soils or by mineralization of native organic matter on fallow soils. CO2 is formed by the burning of plant residue and by soil respiration due to the decomposition of soil organic matter.     

黑河实验区非均匀地表能量通量的数值模拟

利用三维非静力RAMS模拟研究了黑河实验区非均匀地表能量通量，模拟结果表明：绿洲地表净辐射通量较沙漠戈壁大；绿洲及沙漠戈壁下垫面上的Bowen比分别为0．4和4．0；夜间绿洲上整晚维持蒸发，并有负感热通量。模拟结果与测站实测结果与卫星反演值的对比研究指出，RAMS对绿洲下垫面潜热通量的模拟和沙漠戈壁下垫面感热通量的模拟与实测值基本一致。卫星遥感反演及数值模拟方法对净辐射的估算与实测较吻合，绿洲地表感热通量的卫星反演值较数值模拟结果更接近于实际，但潜热通量的模拟值则较卫星估算值更接近于实际；沙漠戈壁地表则是感热通量的模拟值较卫星反演值更接近于实际。上述分析为今后结合卫星遥感改进RAMS陆面过程参数化，使使用于模拟研究干旱区非均匀下垫面地气相互作用提供了可靠依据。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS BY NESTING HYDROLOGY MODEL DHSVM WITH REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL RegCM2/CHINA

Based on improvement of a distributed hydrology-soil-vegetation model (DHSVM for short)and its application to North China,a nested regional climatic-hydrologic model system is developedby connecting DHSVM with RegCM2/China.The simulated climate scenarios,including controland 2×CO_2 outputs,are downscaled to 8 stations in Luanhe River and Sanggan River Basins todrive the hydrology model.According to simulation results,under double CO_2 scenarios,annualmean temperature and evapotranspiration will increase 2.8C and 29 mm,respectively;precipitation also increase but with different value for each basin,6 mm for Luanhe River Basinwhile 46 mm for Sanggan River Basin;runoff change for the two basins is different too,27 mmdecrease for Luanhe River Basin while 26 mm increase for Sanggan River Basin.As a result,therunoff in future for Luanhe River Basin and Sanggan River Basin will be 74 mm and 71 mm,respectively,which is approximately a quarter of annual mean runoff(284 mm)of the wholecountry.Total streamflow for the two basins will decrease about 2.5×10~8m~3.All these indicatethat the warm and dry trend will continue in the two river basins under double CO_2 scenarios.Thenested model system,with both climatic and hydrologic prediction ability,could also be applied toother basins in China by parameter adjustment.     

Identification of pulse-like ground motions using artificial neural network

For more than 20 years, the concept of near-fault pulse-like ground motion has been a topic of great interest due to its distinct characteristics, particularly due to directivity or fling effects, which are hugely influenced by the rupture mechanism. These unexpected characteristics, along with their effective frequency, energy rate, and damage indices, create a near-fault, pulse-like ground motion capable of causing severe damage to structures. One of the most common approaches for identifying ...     

1981年11月13日伊兹马伊尔地震宏观地震效应的分析

莫斯科时间1981年11月13日12时07分发生了一次震源位于罗马尼亚境内多瑙河三角洲(格奥尔基耶夫斯克河叉)的强震,距伊兹马伊尔30公里,地震参数如下:(?)=45.25°,λ=28.89°,h=33公里,m_(pu)=5.3.敖德萨地区的整个西南部及摩尔达维亚南部都有感,根据震动的强度该次地震在已知的历史资料中称得上是最强的“地方”震了.居民点上的烈度分布示于图1.在伊兹马伊尔,烈度最高,许多建筑物和结构物都受到不同程度的损坏.整个城市的平均震动强度为6度.     

多自由度体系地震反应峰值的次序统计(英文)

本文用次序统计描述多自由度体系的反应峰振幅,将Amini和Trifunac(1985)的工作加以普遍化,证明了通过修正峰的均方根振幅可将反应的近似平稳理论推广到怎样的范围。这个修正明显地将强震运动的持续时间包含在均方根振幅依赖于时间的变异中。