喜马拉雅和西藏高原深地震反射剖面的数据采集工作

喜马拉雅和西藏高原深地震反射剖面(INDEPTH)先导性试验剖面位于喜马拉雅山脉,北起西藏康马县的萨马达,南到西藏帕里。近南北向的剖面长约100km(INDEPTH-1),东西向横剖面长为8.6km(INDEPTH-2)。每隔2km测一次低速带。与反射地震工作一起还开展了“宽角反射”及“三维地震”测量。最大的震源一接收点偏移距为140—150km。由于地形条件十分困难,INDEPTH-1取弯线,INDEPTH-2取直线。     

The Relationship between the Wintertime Blocking over Greenland and the Sea Ice Distribution over North Atlantic

The sea-ice concentration in the Northern Hemisphere, 500 hPa height, sea-level pressure and 1000-500 hPa thickness of monthly mean data are examined for the period 1953-1989, with emphasis on the winter season.Relationships between large-scale patterns of atmospheric variability and sea-ice variability are investigated, making use of the correlation method. The analysis is conducted for the Atlantic sectors. In agreement with earlier studies based upon monthly mean data on sea-ice concentration, the strongest sea-ice pattern is composed of a dipole with opposing centers of action in the Davis Straits / Labrador Sea region and the Greenland and Barents Seas. Its temporal variability is strongly coupled to the atmospheric North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationship between the two patterns is strongest with the atmosphere leading the ocean. The polarity of the NAO is associated with Greenland blocking episodes, during which the influence of the atmosphere is strong enough to temporarily halt the c