在解放思想中谋求更大发展

当前,围绕"新解放,新跨越,新崛起"的一场解放思想大讨论,正在中原大地深入展开.这是贯彻落实党的十七大精神和科学发展观的一件大事,每一个单位,每一位同志,都应积极行动起来,投身其中.     

黑龙江西部半干旱区干旱特性评估

研究干旱变化对区域生态环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义.为评价黑龙江西部半干旱区的干旱变化特性,基于1961～2015年6个站点的气象数据,推求不同时间尺度(1、3、6、12、24个月)的标准化降水指数(SPI)和标准化降水-蒸散指数(SPEI);构建线性回归模型评价主要气象因子对降雨的影响以及SPI和SPEI之间的线...     

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.     

语义约束的铁路隧道BIM模型轻量化方法

GIS与BIM集成是铁路隧道工程信息化的关键技术,越来越多的长隧道构件级BIM模型,几十公里长的铁路隧道BIM模型如何在GIS中实现高性能可视化分析成为挑战性难题。目前,高精度复杂铁路隧道BIM模型多以参数化形式表达,转换为GIS模型后几何数据量急剧增大,同时GIS通用标准中针对隧道BIM模型的构件尺度层级划分存在不一致等情况,难以实现铁路隧道工程场景精细化管理与高效可视化分析。为此本文提出了一种语义约束的铁路隧道BIM模型轻量化方法,首先建立铁路隧道BIM模型多细节层次描述规则,然后利用构件语义信息提取并简化构件几何信息,获取多细节层次模型数据,并对多细节层次模型进一步优化组织管理。本文方法在康定2号铁路隧道BIM模型数据中得到验证,结果表明能有效提升铁路隧道BIM模型在GIS环境中的表达效率。     

Distribution, use pattern and prospects for conservation of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State, India

The present paper gives an insight into the distribution and use pattern of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State. A total of 222 medicinal and aromatic shrub species have been appended based on secondary information. Euphorbiaceae, Rosaceae, Verbenaceae, and Fabaceae have the highest repre- sentatives of medicinal shrubs. Twenty one families had one species each in medicinal use. Verbenaceae and Euphorbiaceae in the sub-tropical region, Rosaceae in the temperate region, and Ericaceae and Rosaceae in the sub-alpine and alpine regions, respectively, had the highest representatives of medicinal shrubs. The distribution of medicinal shrubs was 42 % in sub-tropical, 29 % in warm temperate, 13 % in cool temperate, 9 % in sub-alpine and 7 % in the alpine region. Of the total species, 70 medicinal shrubs were native to the Himalayas and 22 native to Himalayan region including other Hima- layan countries. The most frequently used plant parts for various ailments were leaves (31 %) and roots (23 %). Most shrubs are being used for the diseases, viz. skin diseases, dysentery, cough, fever, wounds, and rheumatism. The present paper will help in the execution of strategies for promotion and cultivation of medicinal shrubs in Uttaranchal State.     

Reforestation Programs in Southwest China： Reported Success, Observed Failure, and the Reasons Why

Ever since the disastrous floods of 1998, the Chinese government has used the Natural Forest Protection and Sloping Land Conversion Programs to promote afforestation and reforestation as means to reduce runoff, control erosion, and stabilize local livelihoods. These two ambitious programs have been reported as large-scale successes, contributing to an overall increase in China’s forest cover and to the stated goals of environmental stabilization. A small-scale field study at the project level of the implementation of these two programs in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan, casts doubt upon the accuracy and reliability of these claims of success; ground observations revealed utter failure in some sites and only marginal success in others. Reasons for this discrepancy are posited as involving ecological, economic, and bureaucratic factors. Further research is suggested to determine whether these discrepancies are merely local aberrations or represent larger-scale failures in reforestation programs.     

元江县农村气象信息服务站的功能与管理

气象服务在供给端存在发展不平衡、不协调的问题,气象管理体制还未达到转变政府职能和创新管理方式的要求.农村气象信息服务站是农村气象灾害防御体系的重要组成部分和关键部位,高雅黎认为气象服务具有保障功能、防灾减灾功能、指导生产消费功能与趋利避害功能四大功能.刘立东、李冬梅等认为农村气象信息员具有3大功能,即农村气象信息员是气...     

浅海Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)对微生物诱导形成锰碳酸盐的影响

为了模拟浅海环境下锰氧化物微生物还原作用诱导碳酸盐沉淀的过程,选取最常见的锰氧化物-水钠锰矿(K_(0.33)Mn_7O_(14)·7H_2O)为研究对象,在不同种类与浓度盐离子(Mg~(2+)、SO_4~(2-))存在条件下开展异化锰还原菌Dietzia cercidiphylli 45-1b好氧还原水钠锰矿的实验研究.通过测试体系蛋白、Mn~(2+)等离子浓度变化,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线吸收谱(XAS)表征反应前后矿物结构变化,来探讨不同初始Mg~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)浓度对于菌株45-1b还原水钠锰矿及诱导碳酸盐矿物沉淀的影响.结果显示体系pH值在4天内从7.0迅速上升至9.3,Mn~(2+)浓度在2天内迅速上升至166μmol/L,随后迅速下降至8μmol/L(第4天),其好氧还原产物为菱锰矿(MnCO3),且其产生量随Mg~(2+)浓度的升高而降低,随SO_4~(2-)浓度的升高而升高.上述实验结果表明好氧环境下菌株45-1b能够利用乙酸为电子供体,水钠锰矿为电子受体还原水钠锰矿释放Mn~(2+),最终转化有机碳为无机碳酸盐矿物菱锰矿.Mg~(2+)通过影响微生物生长和菱锰矿成核对水钠锰矿的还原及菱锰矿沉淀产生抑制作用,而SO_4~(2-)可以缓解Mg~(2+)的抑制作用并促进水钠锰矿的还原及菱锰矿沉淀.